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Could this be 'Empire Day' celebrations ?

As the man says, beware of namesakes. The Whites Directory for 1862 includes another Stanley Brothers, merchants and steel and file manufacturers, Harmer Lane, probably James and Thomas Stanley. John Stanley retired to Rhyl after his bankruptcy in 1866, though he was still writing and inventing. In 1880 he (unsuccessfully) took the proprietors of the Rhyl Advertiser to court for libel regarding his book "The Missing Link" (re Darwin). They moved to Camberwell, London where his wife Sarah Ann died in May 1887 and John died (at Guy's Hospital) on 18th November 1892.

A plan of several footways near Sharrow Mills proposed to be discontinued or changed, measured for Joseph Wilson. 1820. https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;arc04012&pos=146&action=zoom&id=103148 "The Roads proposed to be discontinued coloured red, those proposed to be substituted for them are coloured yellow" Shows Hunters Bar, Sharrow Moor Bottom, [Sharrow Vale Road, Ecclesall Road, Psalter Lane, River Porter, Cemetery Road], Broomhall Mill, Sharrow Mills, Sharrow Head, Porter Brook, Chesterfield Roads, Little Sheffield, water place [where Ecclesall Road met Chesterfield [London] Road], Stalker Wheel, Brocco Bank Wood, Clarkehosues, [Brocco Bank], Endcliffe Wood.

The History of Wilson's & Co: website link https://sharrowmills.com/pages/our-history Joseph Wilson lived at Highfield/Brightfield House on Sharrow Lane in the 1760s. This became the Charnwood Hotel in the 1980s, now turned into a block of apartments (Wisteria Court)

Details of the much-requested next reunion of pupils from the years 1948-1958 are now available. It will take place at noon on Wednesday 27 November in the school hall cafe. Numbers will be strictly limited to 30 but if demand is sufficient then an additional date can be arranged. THIS WILL BE A CHRISTMAS LUNCH EVENT with turkey, pigs in blankets and all the trimmings, and an attractive seasonal vegetarian option. A hot drink, cracker and mints is included in the price. Dessert will be a choice of a mincemeat crumble or a chocolate pudding. One course £10.95, two courses £11.95. A decision is yet to be made on whether to make wine available or to accept corkage. A deposit of £5 will be required. Closing date for the deposit will be 12 November. I am happy to arrange for table reservations for groups who notify me of numbers in advance. I will also seek permission to have music to accompany carols etc if we get a good crowd. To participate in this event please respond to this notice as soon as possible. I will be monitoring responses. Or send me a personal message through this Forum. DO NOT SEND MONEY JUST YET! I will give details of how this will be done in the course of the next couple of weeks. But it is essential that, if this event is to happen and be successful, you tell all your peer group and get them to respond quickly. I shall also be posting this notice on the Sheffield Forum and will be contacting all those whose email addresses I already have. If you don't get an email from me it will be because I don't have your email address listed. David France (1946-53)

Plan showing location of New Market Hotel, proposed to be purchased and also leasehold premises to be surrendered. Shows Sheaf Lane, Sheaf Street, Sheaf Market, Broad Street, Pheasant Inn, Horse and Jockey and Queen's Head. https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;arc03510&pos=5&action=zoom&id=98730 OS Map surveyed 1889. 294.08.17 https://maps.nls.uk/view/231282561#zoom=4&lat=10269&lon=11559&layers=BT

Sheffield Boys Working Home for Destitute Boys, Broomspring Lane. " We help those who try and help themselves." https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/295480990436

Link to: https://www.sheffieldhistory.co.uk/forums/topic/9524-sheffield-boys-working-home-broomspring-lane/

Certainly it seems William Moorwood (1819 - 1872) was a 'druggist' in West Bar until retirement, then lived in High Lane (both 1861 & 1871 census) with his wife, Anne Mate (1824 - 1903). But if the Rose Cottage at Half Way referred to at the beginning did not show until the 1914 OS map, this cannot have been the home of William Moorwood. Half Way and High Lane are close, so probably previous 'thread' correct that Moorwood lived at a different property, also called Rose Cottage, but in High Lane. The Moorwood house probably demolished years ago! Moorwood Vulcan was part of the Firth's Brightside Group. After Firths bought the Moorwood Harleston Works in the 20s, it was amalgamated with the American Vulcan-Hart Corporation which Firths bought in the 60s.

The fountain was presented by John Tasker of Angel street, the architect being Edward Gibbs. The drinking fountain was moved to Weston Park from the Wicker, near the old Midland Station. It had originally been presented to the city at a cost of over £200 in 1860 by Mr. Joseph Henry Sales (coal merchant), but had fallen into disuse in its old position. Its architect was John Frith of Bank street, and it was constructed by Alderman Thomas Mycock, builder, Barkers Pool.

This set of images were taken in the late 1960s or early 1970s of the Sheffield canal when commercial navigation was getting a rare site. The photographs were shot by the late Reg Frost, for an article he had written on the subject in the now long vanished Firth Brown News. I thought they may be of interest. Unloaded barges, high in the water, had a tight squeeze to negotiate Bacon Lane bridge!

1920's Toad Hole Cottages & Vestry House, School Lane, Southey; no idea what this is about - RichardB http://www.picturesheffield.com/cgi-bin/pi...ff.refno=s11415

Thank you, the description of the mile long private drive certainly sounds like the one walked down in the late 1950's early 1960's. I just remember a long leafy Lane but don't remember how we got there from the bus or if there was a gatehouse but it certainly wasn't a road because we walked down the middle of the Lane. Yes Lysanderix, my dad was a Foreman at the time, he may have been newly promoted to the job as the membership card starts at 1959.

The trough has been in the front garden of a house on Knowle Lane for several years and was much loved and admired. The house was sold a within the past year and the trough disappeared, presumably the owner has taken it with them, I hope so anyway.

Picking this post by Gramps and dropping a copy here. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Original post The Sportsman was next door to Leah's Yard in 1850 and there were several other pubs on Coalpit lane, - the Union on the corner with Diivision street, the Yellow Lion, Wellington Tavern, Barley Corn Tavern, Red Lion, and the Chequers Inn. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Sportsman was next door to Leah's Yard in 1850; Sportsmans was standing/occupied in 1833 There were several other pubs on Coalpit Lane, - The Union (occupied in 1818-20 period) on the corner with Division street (this site would later become the Albert; notice the different orientation of the Union on the map, and the Albert which went down Cambridge Street). RSVP occupies the corner of Cambridge Street/Division Street according to PictureSheffield. The Yellow Lion, 1 Coal Pit Lane (became the Cambridge Arms from 1871 onwards), Wellington Tavern (aka the Duke of Wellington) occupied from at least 1820, Barley Corn Tavern (Corner House/Henry's), Red Lion (1822), and the Chequers Inn, also known as the Old Cow; occupied from 1820 onwards. In addition : Brushmakers Arms/Brickmakers Arms/Stationers Arms from 1818-1829, Stationers Arms, Peter Daws 1818-20, 1821 and 1822. Brickmakers Arms , J Loy in 1825. Cutler 32-34 Cambridge Street (no names or dates) Dog and Partridge/Nell's Bar Tenuous but ... Parrot 9 Button Lane/9 Moor Head/Foot of Coalpit Lane) Barcentro (1999) Weatherspoon 12-18 Cambridge Street (1999) and ... Victuallers from 1787 : James Beard Samuel Fowler John Hague James Holt Widow Jeeves Benjamin Mappin and Margaret Teasdale Nice map BTW

I think this must be part of Camping Lane that has now gone. Looking at old and modern maps my best guess as to the modern location is near the bottom of Periwood Lane. I am probably miles off so would anyone knowing the area and contours of the land have a better idea. I think there was a stream in the valley bottom, I wonder if that is still open? EDIT - I have just found it on Picture Sheffield, "Date Period:1900-1919" https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/303159027009?ul_noapp=true

Only the road down to the pit (still to be seen on the 1927 photo) was the Pit Lane. The rest of it belong to Woodthorpe Estate - That of the Hall land, not the modern estate, which wasn't started till the middle 1930's. Even the mine itself at one time started with the Woodthorpe Hall owner. The lane itself was cobblestones and part of it was just covered up when the grassed over area was created. Presumably with the extensive clearing of the land shown in the old Google images they might have dug the cobbles up. One of the images does shows that they attacked the site of the mine itself extensively. And the dark muck shows plenty of coal visible on much of the area. As for the brook itself, I can say that the spring that feeds the stream bubbles up to the surface at the rough patch shown in picture were the curved path is. That would have been at the point of the large pond on the 1927 image. That pond was created by the mine company themselves. That area on the oldest maps was known as the Car Field and so the brook takes it name from that. Of course it's not easy to trace the actual source of the water. Where it first comes up. But there were at least one pond on the land where the Army camp is based. However I can't determine if these were the result of mine workings or spring water coming out. The 1855 map shows shafts on the site. All pits suffer from water getting in them, which has to be pumped out. The "Elm Tree Hill" is the source of at least three brooks. The Car Brook and Kirk Bridge Dike, that flows via Deep Pit. Also the one that flows down by Holybank Avenue at Intake. I don't know if the water is from some giant underground river working it's way to the surface and splitting into sections. Or just several springs coming up at this point.

I don’t think there was day release in those days.My Dads first job was as a delivery boy with Greggs bakery. He later went on to ESC and did some home study in engineering with ,what I believe was a private fee paying Sheffield based mail order study outfit called Bennet College. My only connection with Owler Lane was with the dreaded school dentist who practiced there on luckless children!

Hi Lysanderix. Yes my dad was same as yours . He was born 2 November 1915. He lived on Petre Street & went to All Saints Infants & juniors . Took exam (am sure you are right that it was the Scholarship exam) in 1927 when he went to Owler Lane Intermediate. He left school in summer 1930 age 14. He went to work at Firth Vickers & studied engineering at Sheffield Technical School ( I assume it was night school he went to although am not sure about that - could there have been day release back then ?). Happy Christmas, John

A Walk through "My Park" Approach to the Park https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;s19452&pos=19&action=zoom&id=21994 Park Entrance Gates https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;v00798&pos=35&action=zoom&id=42189 "My Park" was Concord Park, Shiregreen Lane. The No. 2 Circular stopped outside the main entrance, bringing people from all over the City, more often to play sport. I didn't need a bus to get there, just a short walk up Bellhouse Road and across Shiregreen Lane. Walking through the impressive park gates to be greeted by the well kept flower beds. Flowers, in spring daffodils and tulips followed later by summer bedding. Could never understand why some people climbed over the gates when they were locked. If you walked a few yards further down Shiregreen Lane there was a way in permantly opened. https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;v00713&pos=30&action=zoom&id=42110 Looking left, up a path, (once called Jacobs Lane) towards Oaks Lane, from where in a pram I'd made my first entrance into the park. The area we once played cricket... until somebody shouted "Parkys coming" one of the Park Keepers dressed in smart dark uniform and peaked cap telling us to move on... too near the flower beds. Upping stumps, you moved on, they had authority in those days and anyway, chances are someone would have told your parents before you got home. https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;t08521&pos=31&action=zoom&id=124612 Benches evenly spaced all the way around the park providing an opportunity to rest for old and young alike. A chance to natter with a friend or pass the time of day with a stranger. Walking along the path, passing the toilet block on the left. Onwards towards the Bowling Greens and the Pavilion, where I'm told my parents and others had done their "Courting." Always someone bowling, often a match, attracting spectators filling the seats around the green. Grandad used to enjoy watching sitting smoking his pipe. When asked to come and play, he told them it was an old mans game. At the time he was 80 years old. From a Postcard published by F. A. Kenyon https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;s29209&pos=13&action=zoom&id=91669 On the right hand side, a putting green. Passing "My Seat" where Grandad had taken those photos of me as a toddler and along the path between the bowling greens and the tennis courts to the area where once was a giant draughts board. Giant draught pieces were moved with the aid of a hook on the end of a pole. Shame they dispensed with its services while I was a child. https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;s29334&pos=7&action=zoom&id=91954 https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;s29336&pos=9&action=zoom&id=91956 https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;s29335&pos=8&action=zoom&id=91955 Tennis courts a plenty, including a grass court. All well used and matches played on a regular basis. Back now onto the exposed part of the park, on cold days the wind felt as though it would cut you in two. Views down to Woolley Woods and beyond. The large expanse covered by cricket pitches in summer and football pitches in winter. Used by many different teams, morning and afternoon at weekends and evenings on lighter nights. https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;v00714&pos=1&action=zoom&id=42111 Wooden changing "sheds" pitch side, that's what they looked like from the outside, no showers just somewhere to change into their kit and a place to leave bags. The sit on mowers in summer left grass cuttings, sometimes the grass was collected and grass fights ensued, leaving you coughing with the dried grass. Remember having my first race here aged about 3 years old with Hatfield House Lane Methodist Church, can't remember where I finished or what the occasion was but I won a ball, which I cherished. The pitch, where the keen young student teacher had walked us to from the Junior School on Hatfield House Lane, for the girls to play shinty and the boys football. Myself and another girl were more interested in watching longingly the boys play, preferring football to shinty..That is, until exasperated she said, "Right if you're more interested in football, then you can go and play with the boys." Thinking it was going to be a punishment... Best P.E. lesson we'd had. Let's go back to Shiregreen Lane and go through the "always open entrance." It's a public footpath and as long as someone walks on it, can't be closed. A black cinder path to the swings on the right hand side beside the Park Keepers house. Two sets of swings, one with some "baby swings." Swinging as high as you dare. Now this is something I tried not too many times, jumping off the swing as it swung forward. Some lads jumping off from big heights seeing who could jump the furthest, landing on the hard tarmac.. We lived dangerously then. Two roundabouts, where soles of shoes were worn out, foot out to stop it. Over near the Park Keepers house was "the horse," it provided seating for several to rock back and forwards all at the same time enacting your favourite cowboy, a different one for every night of the week. The horse, wooden at first but I seem to remember it being replaced with a metal one, painted red. "Betty and Kathy" about 1946 The other side of the path, a green space always reserved for a multi aside football game that went on from morning to dusk. Two coats on the grass either end marking the goal, all ages from those who could just manage to kick a ball to dads who sometimes joined in. Didn't matter you had to go home to eat, there was always someone to take your place. Remember losing a front tooth in goal, when I was allowed to play. Well, I shouldn't have let my face stop the ball. The cinder path stopped at the entrance to the railed off playground. Following the grass towards Shiregreen Cemetery, there was a track taking you alongside the cemetery down towards Woolley Woods or you could follow the winding path through the Park. Somebody had fixed a rope dangling from a tree for a tarzan swing across the stream in the ditch. When it had rained the clay soil was slippery and you were in danger when landing of sliding down in to the water. Walking towards the woods and the golf course on the left. Watch out for golf balls! https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;s29198&pos=12&action=zoom&id=91658 In summer, sliding down the steep grassy bank on cardboard, until chased off by golfers or "Parky." One winter, remember several of us, boys on the front and me on the back of a large sledge sliding down towards the stream. The lads rolled off before the stream, leaving me to go into the frozen stream and through the ice.... the water was cold!! Into Woolley Woods a carpet of bluebells in the spring with a scent that could knock you over. Building dens and playing hide a seek. The "Haunted House" in the woods... Well, that's what older one's would tell you. Remembering "Our Gang" age ranged 4 to about 10 years, accompanied by Mandy the cream coloured Alsation, playing happily, parents little or no concerns. Mandy, soft as a brush with us, but if anybody she didn't know came near she'd growl and bark. It was different for little ones to play then... more freedom, simple games, all that space and for free and no, the sun didn't shine all the time, we played in the rain if it wasn't too heavy. It made this little girl very happy. "My Seat" about 1953 Photographs by William Arthur Smith. Yes, time's moved on and when I returned 2003, no flowers, no benches, the playground moved, areas fenced off, no children playing football, no bowling, no Pavilion. The Leisure Centre offered indoor activities at a cost. It hadn't been "My Park" for nearly 40 years, it's "Somebody Else's Park" now. Please take care of it. I still have my memories, hope their memories will be as happy as mine. More Picture Sheffield photographs. https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;w00533&pos=37&action=zoom&id=45842 https://www.picturesheffield.com/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;m00123&pos=32&action=zoom&id=4018

Here's extracts from a booklet about St Philips church that used to stand on Penistone/Infirmary road. I remember the graveyard used to be in between the roads as was my uncles car garage repair shop next door to it. The gravestones were moved to the redevelopment of the Hillsborough Barracks and these are the ones you can see stood straight up in the walls there. Note by the author This booklet, written in response to a request by the Vicar and Council of St. Philip's Church, will, it is hoped, not only revive memories of the past and be an additional link in the long chain of local history, but also help to deepen the interest of its readers in the work and needs of a large and exacting parish. It is now nearly seventy years since I first saw St. Philip's Church. All the vicars, with the exception of the first, have been known to me, and some of them have been amongst my intimate friends. It is hardly possible to realise the vast changes that have taken place since St. Philip's parish was first formed. Brief notes are given of its four daughter parishes, together with sketches of its former vicars, whose portraits have been re-produced from those now on the walls of the ante-church. It has been truly said that the prosperity of a Church depends largely upon its connection with the past; that, whilst not the slave, it is essentially the pupil of the past, and that lessons are learnt alike from its failures and successes. A hundred years have passed since St. Philip's Church was opened. May I venture to express the hope that the beauty of the restored and renovated Sanctuary may exceed that of its past, and also, before all things, that in its higher spiritual and social activities it will ever be a faithful witness to God and His truth, and go on from strength to strength, bringing forth fruit to the glory of God and the welfare of worshippers and parishioners alike. W. ODOM, Lindum Lodge, Psalter Lane, Sheffield, June, 1928 Forward by The Bishop Of Sheffield (Leonard H. Sheffield) It is with great pleasure that I write a Foreword to Canon Odom's last contribution to the Church life of the City of Sheffield. The Church and Diocese owe a great debt of gratitude to him for the way in which he has given much time in handing down for all future generations correct knowledge with regard to the fabrics and Church life of our city. This last booklet is both accurate and interesting. It gives a picture of the vast changes which a hundred years have wrought in one of the great cities of the Empire. We of this generation can hardly realise that the great parish Churches of Sheffield are comparatively young, and that they started their existence amongst green fields and steep slopes covered with trees, where now there are only long lines of artisan dwellings interspersed with vast industrial works. Bishop Lightfoot once said that "the study of history is the best cordial for a drooping courage." The brave efforts now being made by the people of St. Philip's are only one more illustration of that undoubted truth. The thanks of the parish are due to Canon Odom for his historical account of a parish which I hope will always be second to none in the enthusiasm and vigour of its Church life. I remain, Your sincere friend and Bishop, LEONARD H. SHEFFIELD, Bishopsholme, Sheffield, 7th June, 1928. STONES THAT SPEAK Stones still speak, and this is what St. Philip's Church is saying to us today. "Yes, I am very old, my Hundreth Birthday is on July 2nd, 1928, but I hope to live a long time yet. I started life with a great flourish of trumpets. People flocked to see me, and only those who had tickets could get inside. The Archbishop was there and all the rich and influential folk of Sheffield. They drove up in their carriages from miles around. It was a great service, the music was supplied by a band of fifteen instruments, and the collection came to £47 15s 7d. Can you wonder that I sometimes sigh for the good old days when I stood almost surrounded by fields, and Upperthorpe was the best part of Sheffield. Now I have lost my high position; no rich people worship within my walls. I am surrounded by factories, the smoke from whose chimneys has covered me inside and out with grime. In spite of all, however, I am not downhearted, for I know that many who do not often come still have a very warm corner in their hearts for me, having perhaps been brought to me as babies to be baptised, and having been married within my walls. I have had a great past, and look for a still more useful future. Will you make me a real big Birthday Present ?" Surely these words may form a fitting introduction to a brief record of the life and work of St. Philip's during a hundred eventful and changeful years. PEEPS AT THE PAST On referring to a plan of Sheffield by John Leather in 1823, shortly after the building of St. Philip's began, we find Roscoe Place marked at the junction of Shales Moor, Penistone Road and Walkley Road - now Infirmary Road. Beyond Dun Street and the end of Green Lane there were few buildings save a grinding wheel, until Philadelphia Place was reached. Here was another wheel, a tilt, and some scattered dwellings, whilst a little beyond were the old barracks. A few houses with large gardens were at Upperthorpe, which at that time was beginning to be a pleasant and favourable residential district. here lived the Master Cutler, Mr. John Blake, who in 1832 laid the first stone of the new Cutlers' Hall; he died of the plague the same year. Blake Street bears his name. Another resident of Upperthorpe was Ebenezer Elliott, the "Corn Law Rhymer," who in 1834, after removing his business from Burgess Street to Gibralter Street, rented a house which was afterwards known as "Grove Hous! e," probably that once occupied by the late Master Cutler, John Blake. In 1841 Elliott went to live near Barnsley, in a house he built there. What the neighbourhood of St. Philip's was like a few years before the Church was built, is seen from a fine engraving from a painting of 1798, taken from about Portmahon, and showing the back of the Infirmary, reproduced in the Centenary History of the Infirmary. A large chromo by the late W. Ibbitt, entitled "The Valley of the Don," gives a good idea of St. Philip's parish as it was in the year 1856; in it St. Philip's Church, the Infirmary, the Barracks, the Railway Viaduct at Wardsend, and the River Don are prominent. The late Mr. R.E. Leader in "Sheffield in the Eighteenth Century," tells us what that side of the town was like a few years before St. Philip's Church was consecrated:- At the bottom of Allen Lane land had been sold for the erection of another of the "water houses" in connection with the springs and dams at the White House, Upperthorpe; and here, as at the Townhead Cross, water was sold by the bucketful or barrelful. ...Then a riding school, afterwards utilised as the Lancasterian Schools, was erected at or near to the old bowling-green...Beyond, Shales Moor was an open waste, over which the road, recklessly broad, meandered on its way to Owlerton and Penistone. The present Infirmary Road was represented by rural Whitehouse Lane, and from it, about where Lower St. Philip's Road or Montgomery Terrace are, Cherry Tree Lane wound up with indecisive curvings to Causey Lane, by which the wayfarer could reach Upperthorpe; or retracing his steps towards the town, could return by a footway past Lawyer Hoyle's house at Netherthorpe, on the line of the modern Meadow Street to "Scotland." The following extracts from "Old Sheffield," by Mr. R.E. Leader, describe the neighbourhood early in the nineteenth century:- Allen Lane and the Bowling Green marked the extremity of the inhabited region of Gibralter. Beyond, the road ran between fields - Moorfields - and on to the distant rural haunts of Philadelphia and Upperthorpe. There was Lawyer Hoyle's house up on the left; and the little barber's shop, just before you come to Roscoe Place near the junction of the Infirmary and Penistone Roads, was alone in its glory until 1806, when Mr. Shaw built the stove-grate works, and with his partner, Mr. Jobson, laid the foundation of that trade which has obtained for Sheffield the manufacture of stoves and fenders previously claimed by Edinburgh and London.... Watery Street was a rural lane with a stream running down it....Allen Street, at that point of it across the Brocco, was only a highway, without any houses, so that there was a clear space and view from the top of Garden Street to the Jericho. This view included Mr. Hoyle's house (Hoyle Street), which then stood enclosed in what, perhaps, might be described as a small park. At the back of this house was a row of high trees, serving as a rookery, where the birds built their nests, and around which they might be seen taking their serial flights. the narrow lane, now called Burnt Tree Lane, was then the road from Allen Street to Portmahon in which there was a white painted pair of gates, with the carriage way running in a straight line to the front door of the house. THE "MILLION" CHURCH BUILDING ACT During the long reign of George III, 1760-1820, the lack of church accommodation was most manifest. Not only had the population greatly increased, but it had also become more concentrated in large centres, and provision for the working classes and the poor was altogether inadequate. Influence was brought to bear upon the Prime Minister, Lord Liverpool, and in the year 1818 a Parliamentary grant of £1,000,000 was voted for Church building in populous centres, to which another £500,000 was subsequently added. Side by side with this a great voluntary effort was made, and in 1817 the Church Building Society was formed, with the result that, including the one million and a half granted by Parliament, about nine millions was expended on Church Extension in the course of a few years. One result was that on March 28th, 1820, a meeting was held in the vestry of the Sheffield Parish Church (the Rev. Thomas Sutton being the vicar), to consider the proposal of building three new Churche! s. Ultimately four were built under the Act - Attercliffe, St. George's, St. Philip's and St. Mary's. The population of the town was then 65,275, comprising 14,100 families. THE CHURCH BUILT St. Philip's Church, the second of these "Million Act" Churches, occupies a prominent position at the foot of Shales Moor, between Infirmary Road and Penistone Road. When built it was on the outskirts of the town. What is now a mass of intricate streets and closely packed houses, extending for some miles and climbing the Walkley hills, was then a well -wooded rural district with scattered dwellings at Upperthorpe and Philadelphia. The Infirmary, close by, had been built thirty years before on the Upperthorpe meadows, amid attractive open surroundings. The style is Gothic, on a plan similar to that of St. George's, although it is considered somewhat inferior to that Church in its architecture, nor does it occupy so commanding a position. The architect was Mr. Taylor, of Leeds. It is a lofty and MASSIVE building with a tower at the west end. The clerestory has five windows on each side; the nave has embattled parapets with pinnacles. The interior has a gallery running round three sides; that at the west end projects into the tower and contains the organ. the pulpit, prayer desk and clerk's desk were formerly grouped together in the centre of the nave. The lofty pulpit is on the north side, whilst the choir, formerly in the west gallery, occupies the stalls in front of the chancel. The Church is 95 feet long and 78 feet wide. When built it afforded accommodation for 2,000 persons, but the number of sittings has since been reduced to 1,600 by the erection of the choir stalls and the cutting off at the west end of an ante-church or vestibule twenty feet wide, part of which now forms the choir vestry. The contract for the Church, including incidental expenses, was £13,970. Hunter gives the cost as £11,960. the cost of the gas fittings was £183, and that of the warming apparatus £125. The site - one acre and two roods - formerly part of the Infirmary lands called the "Hocker Storth," was given by Mr. Philip Gell, of Hopton, Derbyshire, a cousin of the Rev. James Wilkinson, Vicar of Sheffield, and who had inherited a moiety of the Broomhall estate. the Church was dedicated to St. Philip as a mark of esteem to Mr. Gell, whose christian name was Philip, and the first stone was laid by him on September 26th 1822. Owing to the contractor not being able to fulfil his contract and the death of the architect, the Church was not opened until July 2nd, 1828, when it was consecrated by Archbishop Vernon Harcourt. A special hymn by James Montgomery, who was present at the consecration, began with the lines: Lord of Hosts! to Thee we raise Here an house of prayer and praise; Thou Thy people's hearts prepare, Here to offer praise and prayer. Let the living here be fed, With Thy Word, the heavenly bread; Here in hope of glory blest May the dead be laid to rest. The Rev. Thomas Sutton preached the sermon from 1 Kings ix, 3: "I have heard thy prayer and thy supplication, that thou hast made before me: I have hallowed this house, which thou hast built, to put my name there forever; and mine eyes and mine heart shall be there perpetually." An immense congregation included leading families of the town, in addition to which visitors drove up in their carriages from miles round. There was an imposing procession from the gates of the old Parish Church to St. Philip's Church, headed by a band of fifteen performers. Here is a letter of July 26th, 1828, from the Rev. Thomas Sutton, Vicar of Sheffield, to Mr. Jobson, which reads: "The bearer is Foster, the leader of the band, who has a demand upon us for £5 which you will be pleased to pay him." With the letter is a list showing that there were fifteen performers, with five clarionets, two horns, one bass horn, one serpent, one trombone, one trumpet, two flutes, one double drum, one key bugle. At the east end is a large stained window containing fourteen memorial panels representing our Lord the central figure, the twelve Apostles and St. Paul. The two lower sets of five each bear the following names: Robert Johnson, Churchwarden, 1828; Mary Elliott Hoole, John and Mary Livesey; Maria Rawson; Elizabeth Frith; Charles & Elizabeth Atkinson; Joseph Sims Warner, Churchwarden, 1845; George & Elizabeth Addey; William Frederick Dixon, Churchwarden, 1831; William & Emma Kirk. The Church bell, by Thomas Mears, of Whitechapel, London, which cost £150, was set up in December, 1832. The clock in the tower, with three very large illuminated dials, made by Mr. Lomas, of Sheffield, the cost of which was raised by subscription, was opened in January, 1847. At the time an interesting correspondence took place, in which the Gas Company was asked, on the ground of public utility, to supply gas gratuitously, as was the case with the clocks of St. Peter's, St. Paul's and Attercliffe. the Directors of the Company replied to the wardens that the request could not be complied with, but that the Company would supply the clock with gas after the same rate as the public lamps of the town. The Church has a fine brass eagle lecturn, and a small plain stone font occupies a place at the east end of the north aisle. Two oak prayer desks are "dedicated in loving memory of the Venerable Archdeacon Eyre." The silver communion plate includes a very large flagon on which is engraved "St. Philip's Church, Sheffield, 1828," two patens, and two chalices. On the walls of the ante-church are the portraits of former vicars. In the vestry is a fine set of ten old oak chairs, two with arms elaborately carved; also a very fine iron casting of de Vinci's "Last Supper," presented by Mrs. Bagnall. MEMORIALS There are mural memorial tablets to the Rev. John Livesey, for thirty-nine years incumbent, who died August 10th, 1870, and his three wives, Sarah, Emily, and Mary. It is recorded that Sarah was the widow of Francis Owen, incumbent of Crookes, and shared his labours and perils as the first missionary clergyman to the Zulus and Betchuanas of South Africa. There is also a tablet to Frances Wright, a sister of Mrs. Livesey. In the south aisle is a white marble tablet to the Rev. James Russell, M.A., "for eleven years the faithful pastor of the parish," who died on January 12th, 1882, aged fifty-one years. The tablet, erected by the congregation, records his last words: "I know whom I have believed." In a window in the south gallery are stained glass panes representing King David, with musical emblems, and inscribed: "In memory of Thomas Frith, organist of this Church, born April 17th, 1808, died April 5th, 1850." On a pillar near the choir is a brass to Joseph Beaumont, who died on July 7th, 1903, for twenty-four years choirmaster and organist of the Church, erected by members of the choir as "a tribute to his musical ability, his faithful labours, genial disposition and blameless character." Another brass commemorates Edward Law Mitchell, for twelve years choirmaster and organist of the Church, who died November 18th, 1915, aged thirty-eight - "erected by congregation and choir." At the west end, on a pillar, is a brass to Charles Marriott, who died September 28th, 1849, in his fourteenth year - "One of the first set of boys of the choir of this Church established A.D. 1848 - erected by his fellow choristers." On the south side of the chancel is a brass with the inscription:- "To the glory of God and in memory of the Rev. Ernest Vores Everard, M.A., Vicar of this Church, 1912-1917, the Electric Lighting of the Choir and Church was installed in 1920." In the churchyard is a prominent monument to Dr. Ernest, who died on November 16th, 1841. He had been house surgeon to the General Infirmary from its commencement - forty-four years - and was the author of a booklet published in 1824, on the origin of the Infirmary. SITTINGS In 1828 it was decreed by the authorities that amongst other things two pews should be reserved for the vicar and his family and another for his servants; that 800 free sittings should be provided for the use of the poor; the remainder to be let at yearly rents and assigned as a fund for the stipend of the minister. The pews were divided into two classes. In 1847 the 1st class were let at 12/- per sitting, and the 2nd class at 10/- per sitting. In the early years the seat rents averaged £250 per annum, but they gradually declined, and in 1918 seat rents were abolished and the sittings declared to be free and open. The population of St. Philip's in 1921, including persons in the Royal Infirmary, was 15,968. The Vicar of Sheffield is patron of the benefice, the annual value being set down at £400, of which £183 is from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £100 from the Sheffield Church Burgesses and £11 13s. 8d. from Queen Anne's Bounty. The Churchyard, closed for burials in 1857, is now laid out and planted with shrubs for public use under the Open Spaces Act. In 1924 long strips of the same, from eight to ten feet wide - altogether 583 square yards - were taken by the Corporation for the widening of Infirmary Road and Penistone Road; the Corporation undertaking to erect new boundary walls with palisading thereon to the two new frontages. WARDSEND CEMETERY In June, 1857, the Rev. John Livesey, anticipating the closing of the Churchyard, conveyed five acres of ground at Wardsend to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for a new burial ground, which was enclosed and a lodge and Chapel erected at a total cost of £2,600. It was consecrated by Archbishop Musgrave on July 5th, 1859, the greater part of the cost having been defrayed by Mr. Livesey. In 1901 the Cemetery was enlarged by the addition of two acres of land, and several improvements were made to the buildings. IMPROVEMENTS AND RENOVATION In 1847 a large sum was spent in repairing and enlarging the organ, at which on the re-opening Mr. Thomas Firth presided. The preachers were the Rev. G.B. Escourt, Rector of Eckington, and the Rev. E.S. Murphy, one of the chaplains of the Sheffield Parish Church and lecturer of St. Philip's. In 1879 a considerable sum was spent in improvements. In 1887 the Church again underwent extensive repair and improvement at a cost of £1000. The uncomfortable narrow high-backed pews were lowered and sloped, and fitted with rug seating. the organ was re-built and enlarged by W. Hill & Sons, the original builders. At the re-opening in June the preachers were Archdeacon Blakeney and Canon Favell. Dr. Bridge, organist of Westminster Abbey, presided at the organ. Collections £55 10s. 0d. In 1894 £600 was expended in renovation; further improvements were made in 1899 at a cost of £300; and in 1903 the organ was again repaired at a cost of nearly £100. In 1927 a new warming apparatus was fixed in the Church at a cost of £425. the effect of bringing the choir from the west gallery to new choir stalls at the east end of the nave, and other alterations reduced the number of sittings from 2,000 to 1,600. CHURCH REGISTERS The registers of baptisms and burials at St. Philip's Church date from 1828 and that of marriages from 1848. At those times and long afterwards by far the larger number of baptisms and marriages took place at the old Parish Church. The baptisms there in 1829 being 1,955 and the marriages 798. At St. Philip's in 1828 there were three baptisms. In 1829 the baptisms numbered 27, and the burials 420. In 1830 there were 15 baptisms, and 201 burials. In the year 1927 there were 148 baptisms and 96 weddings. At Wardsend Cemetery were 86 burials. THE ORGAN In the year 1840 - September 30th and October 1st - a large and costly new organ, by W. Hill & Sons, of London, was opened. A copy of the advertisement in the "Sheffield Mercury" announcing "Cathedral Services" on that occasion is before me:- Dr. Wesley, of Exeter Cathedral, will preside at the Organ. Principal Vocalists: Miss Birch, Mr. Francis, of St. Paul's Cathedral, Mr. Pearsall and Mr. Machin, of Lichfield Cathedral. The Choral Department will be sustained by a numerous and effective body of singers. In addition to the full Cathedral Services there will be a Grand Selection of Sacred Music from Handel, Haydn, Beethoven, Greene, Cooke, Travers, Kent, and the Wesleys. Prices of tickets- MORNING: Reserved Seats 7/-, First Class 3/6, Second Class 2/6. EVENING: Reserved seats 5/-, First Class 2/6, Second Class 1/6. Miss Birch, of London, was "in the highest grade as an English singer." She sang the following Selections by Handel: "Holy, Holy, Holy," "What though I trace," "Farewell ye limpid streams," "Bright Seraphim," "I know that my redeemer Liveth," "Angels ever bright and fair," and "With verdure clad." PAROCHIAL BUILDINGS The Day and Sunday Schools in Hoyle Street were built in 1832, at a cost of £1,200, by subscription and Government grant. They were subsequently enlarged, and more recently a considerable sum has been expended on alterations and improvements. the site is leasehold for 789 years at a ground rent of £10 15s. 0d. per annum. THE VICARAGE - In 1858, the Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty purchased at a much reduced price from Mr. Livesey, his freehold house and garden at Upperthorpe, as a parsonage for St. Philip's. After a time it was found unsuitable for the vicar's residence, and the Rev. John Darbyshire, during the seventeen years of his vicariate, lived at Claremont. When the Rev. J.W. Merryweather entered upon the incumbency in 1898, the house was improved and enlarged at a cost of over £600. EVERSLEY HOUSE - In 1919, the valuable freehold house and grounds comprising 1,052 square yards of land known as Eversley House, at the corner of Upperthorpe Road and Oxford Street, was given to St. Philip's by Mr. James Wing, steel manufacturer. After extensive alterations and furnishing, carried out at a cost of £2,000, it was opened as a Club and Institute for men, women, boys and girls, and is constantly in use for social, educational and temperance work, Bible classes, and other parochial purposes. It is held for the parish by the Sheffield Diocesan Trust. SPORTS FIELD - this, near Coal Pit Lane, Wadsley Common, was acquired in February, 1924, at a cost of £375, to be used for social and recreational purposes by the parishioners and congregation of St. Philip's. It is held in trust by the Sheffield Diocesan Trust THE OLD CLERGY HOUSE - In 1864, the late Miss Rawson, of the Hawthorns, Crooksmoor, conveyed to the governors of Queen Anne's Bounty in trust for the incumbent of St. Philip's, her former residence at Philadelphia on the Penistone Road, with the surrounding grounds, for many years used as a residence for the curate. This was sold many years ago and the proceeds invested to augment the income of the benefice. PARISH BOUNDARIES When in 1848 St. Philip's was constituted a separate parish, it covered 834 acres with a population of 8,340, and included Portmahon, Upperthorpe, Walkley, Barber Nook, Philadelphia, Owlerton, with parts of Hillsborough and Malin Bridge. Its southern boundary extended from the river Don along Dun Street, Matthew Street, part of Meadow Street, Netherthorpe, Watery Lane and up Dam Lane, as high as the old footpath, with a wall on either side, which led across Crookesmoor Valley to Steel Bank, and which divided St. Philip's parish from that of Crookes. The present boundaries are the river Don, Dun Street, Matthew Street, Meadow Street, Watery Lane, Burlington Street, Bond Street, Ashberry Road, Birkendale Road, Daniel Hill Street, Woollen Lane, Edith Street, West Don Street to the river. The boundary line runs down the centre of each street. FOUR DAUGHTER CHURCHES St. Philip's has now four daughter churches - St. Mary's, St. John the Baptist's, St. Bartholomew's, and St. Nathanael's - with a combined population of 45,838 which, with that of the mother church, 15,968, gives a total of 61,805, an increase probably of 60,000 since St. Philip's was consecrated:- St. MARY'S, WALKLEY, was constituted a parish in 1870. In 1861 a Mission Church, consisting of two bays and a chancel, was built in Howard Road by the Rev. J. Livesey, at a cost of £1,000. The Sheffield Church Extension Society (No: 1) having taken up the matter by completing the nave, adding two aisles, and a broach tower with spire, at a cost of £3,200, the Church was consecrated on August 6th, 1869, by Archbishop Thomson. Near the choir stalls is a plate with the inscription: "To the glory of God and in memory of the Rev. Thomas Smith, for thirty-two years vicar of this parish, who died on March 10th, 1901, these stalls and pulpit were erected by his parishioners and personal friends." Near to the Church are extensive schools and parochial buildings. St Saviour's Church, Whitehouse Road, with 320 sittings, consecrated by Archbishop Lang in March, 1913, as a Chapel of Ease to St. Mary's, cost £4,150. In the Rivelin Valley is the Church Cemetery of seven acres. Population, 15,276. Patrons, trustees. Value £550. Vicar, the Rev. Thomas Michael Archer, M.A. St. JOHN THE BAPTIST, OWLERTON, built at a cost of £6,300, of which £2,000 was provided by a legacy from Miss Rawson, was consecrated by Archbishop Thomson on July 29th, 1874. It consists of nave, aisles and chancel, with a slender bell tower, and contains 600 sittings. In it are several stained memorial windows. A fine Parish War Memorial Hall, erected at a cost of £5,000, was opened in 1926. Population, 15,297. Patrons, the Church Patronage Society. Value £400. Vicar, the Rev. Harry Holden, M.A. St. BARTHOLOMEW'S, LANGSETT ROAD, comprising nave, chancel and aisles, with 640 sittings, was consecrated by Archbishop Thomson, on February 6th, 1882. The cost, including site, was about £5,000. In the Chancel is a memorial tablet to Benjamin Brandreth Slater, the first vicar. The parochial buildings and schools on Primrose Hill were built in 1890 at a cost of £2,000. Population, 10,790. Patrons, the Church Patronage Society. Value £400. Vicar, the Rev. William Retallack Bellerby. St. NATHANAEL'S, CROOKESMOOR, mainly due to the late Canon J.W. Merryweather, vicar of St. Philip's, a stone building consisting of nave only, is 100 feet long and 30 feet wide. Built at a cost of £6,000, it was a Chapel of Ease to St. Philip's and served by its clergy up to 1912, when the parish was constituted. The Church was consecrated by Bishop Hedley Burrows, on December 20th, 1914. The Parochial Hall is near the Church. Population 4,475. Patrons, the Sheffield Church Burgesses. Value £425. Vicar, the Rev. Samson Richard Butterton. INCUMBENTS AND VICARS WILLIAM DRAYTON CARTER, M.A., was, in December 1827, appointed by Dr. Sutton as the first minister of St. Philip's, but nothing is recorded of him. As his successor was appointed before the Church was consecrated it is probable that he did not enter upon the charge. THOMAS DINHAM ATKINSON, M.A., a former fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, became incumbent in June, 1828. After a short ministry of three years he resigned in July, 1831 on his preferment to the vicarage of Rugeley, Staffordshire. JOHN LIVESEY M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge, curate to the Rev. Charles Simeon, was appointed incumbent in July, 1831, and held the office for the long space of thirty-nine years. He was a tall man of fine presence, very active, and, as his after eventful ministry proved, a man of war. I well remember, in my early years, going to see him at his pleasant home in Wadsley Grove on some legal business. St. Philip's parish then included the districts of Hill Foot, Owlerton, Walkley and Upperthorpe in addition to a large district near the Church, with a total population of 25,000. The Church has become the mother church of four other distinct parishes, namely, St. Mary's, Walkley; St. John the Baptist, Owlerton; St. Bartholomew's, Langsett Road; and St. Nathanael, Crookesmoor. Of these, Walkley was founded by Mr. Livesey, he having secured the site in Howard Road, and raised £1,000 by subscription for a Mission Church, which now forms part of St. Mary's Church. In June, 1862, there was great excitement, accompanied with rioting, at Wardsend Cemetery, in consequence of reports that bodies had been sold for dissection by the sexton, whose house was burnt down. Mr. Livesey, who had at his own cost purchased and laid out the cemetery, unhappily became mixed up in the prosecutions that followed. Charged with giving a false certificate of burial, he was committed for trial at York Assizes, and sentenced to three weeks imprisonment. Resolutions of sympathy were passed, and in August a free pardon was granted to him. He successfully asserted in the Court of Queen's Bench the rights of the incumbents of the district Churches to the fees arising from marriages as against the Vicar of Sheffield; at another time he had a warm controversy with the War Office on the question of the chaplaincy to the Barracks. He died on 11th August, 1870, in his sixty-seventh year. Mr. Livesey introduced into St. Philip's Church what were known as "Cathedral Services," with a surpliced choir. The following notes are from an article by a Sheffield journalist, "Criticus," who was present at a service on a Sunday morning in 1869: There was the choir at the top of the centre aisle, and there were the choristers, ten nice little boys in white surplices, five on each side, and six men, all in surplices. the singing and chanting were unquestionably good. There was nothing higgity-jiggity about the tunes, anthems, or music. The congregation did not join in the response very extensively........ The service was conducted by Mr. Livesey, whose style of reading is easy, fluent, rather rapid and somewhat familiar. In the pulpit he wore his academic gown, having never worn his surplice when preaching since 1847, when his wardens presented him with an address, thanking him for giving it up. The text was four words, "Enoch walked with God," and the sermon occupied sixteen minutes. In private life Mr. Livesey is a very worthy and estimable character. he is genial, benevolent and kind hearted. he has a just and enlightened apprehension as to what is due to his position as incumbent or vicar of St. Philip's, and has on several occasions sacrificed himself to uphold great principles. Like Job, Mr. Livesey has had to "endure affliction," and, as in the case of that patriarch, his "latter end" yields a redundant return of peace and plenty. Sitting under his own vine and figtree in the pleasant retreat of Wadsley Grove, none daring to make him afraid, he rejoices in the esteem o! f his friends and parishioners. JAMES RUSSELL, M.A., formerly vicar of Wombridge, who died on January 12th, 1882, in his fifty-second year. He was a diligent pastor and an active promoter of parochial organizations. He was instrumental in the building of St. John's Church, Owlerton, and lived to see a further division of the parish, St. Bartholomew's, Langsett Road, the Church of which was consecrated shortly after his death. "In general Church work he was wont to take a leading share, displaying great business capacity along with religious zeal, and lived to see one of the largest congregations in the town at the evening services at St. Philip's." JOHN DARBYSHIRE, M.A., vicar of St. Paul's, Wolverhampton, was appointed vicar in 1882. Here is a characteristic letter from Archdeacon Blakeney the patron to the wardens of St. Philip's, on the appointment of Mr. Darbyshire, who was his brother-in-law: "I have much pleasure in informing you that the Rev. J. Darbyshire, vicar of St. Paul's, Wolverhampton, has accepted the living of St. Philip's. I believe you will find him all that you could desire. In making this appointment I have been solely guided by the requirements of the parish, and I pray that the divine blessing may accompany it in the extension of the Redeemer's Kingdom." Mr. Darbyshire was a genial and earnest pastor, highly esteemed by his parishioners and a wide circle of friends. In 1898 he became vicar of Doulting, Somerset, where he died on December 22nd, 1919, at the age of seventy-two. JAMES WHITE MERRYWEATHER, M.A., vicar of Carbrook, Sheffield, who for twenty-three years had been vicar of Carbrook, Sheffield, was appointed vicar in 1898. To him was mainly due the Church of St. Nathanael, Crookesmoor, a daughter Church of St. Philip's. He remained at St. Philip's until 1912, when he became vicar of Fulwood, where, after much suffering, he died on May 6th, 1916, at the age of seventy. He was a faithful minister, an able and fearless preacher of the gospel, a diligent bible student, a zealous educationalist, and an uncompromising protestant. He was canon of Sheffield Cathedral. ERNEST VORES EVERARD, M.A., vicar of St. James', Sheffield, was, in 1912, appointed to St. Philip's. "He was a liberal Evangelical in his views and methods, and had a straightforward, breezy style, and an unruffled geniality, which gained him popularity wherever he went. He was a hard worker, and could sing and play the piano well. Some people knew him as the 'singing parson.' " He died with startling suddenness on January 14th, 1917, at Newcastle, as he rose to address a gathering of soldiers. HENRY CECIL, A.K.C., curate of the Cathedral Church, was in 1917 appointed to the vicarage of St. Philip, where he remained until 1926, when he was preferred to that of St. Barnabas, Sheffield. ERNEST WILLIAM SELWYN, M.A., of Queens' College, Cambridge, and Ridley hall, curate of St. George's, the present vicar, was appointed in 1926. ASSISTANT CURATES 1836-1838 G.M. CARRICK 1839-1844 JOHN GWYTHER 1850-1851 G. EASTMAN 1852-1855 A.B. WHALTON 1855-1860 J.F. WRIGHT 1861-1862 WILLIAM MARSHALL, became rector of St. Paul's, Manchester, 1871 1863-1867 C. SISUM WRIGHT, vicar of St. Silas', Sheffield, 1869-78; vicar of Doncaster, 1878-1903; .................. Canon of York, died 1903. 1866-1870 CRESWELL ROBERTS, left in 1870 for Marston Magna, Somerset. 1867-1870 H.J. BARTON, formerly a missionary in India. 1871-1874 W.G. FERRY, deceased. 1875-1897 C.R. KILLICK, vicar of Holy Trinity, Runcorn, 1897-1923, retired. 1878-1882 C.J. PARMINTER, deceased. 1880-1881 J.P. CORT, vicar of Sale, Cheshire, deceased. 1882-1892 J. TURTON PARKIN, vicar of Wadsley, 1894-1902, died 1902. 1898-1899 S.R. ANDERSON, now incumbent of Lisnaskea, Co. Fermanagh. 1899-1911 T. COWPE LAWSON, now vicar of Castle Bytham, Grantham. 1899-1906 P.H. FEARNLEY, now vicar of St. Luke's, Formby, Liverpool. 1906-1909 R.N. DEWE, now vicar of Balne, near Snaith. 1911-1912 S.R. BUTTERTON, now vicar of St. Nathanael's, Sheffield. 1913-1915 T. STANTON, now vicar of St. Matthew's, Wolverhampton. 1915-1917 T.H. PRIESTNALL, now vicar of Whittle-le-Woods, Chorley. 1917-1919 F.L. PEDLEY, now vicar of St. Oswald's, Little Horton. 1921-1923 H. CARD, now curate-in-charge of St. Hilda's Conventional District, Thurnscoe. 1924- J.M. BORROW THE SCRIPTURE READERS - Include the late Mr. W. Whitehead, who was a Reader for nearly forty years, Mr. Jackson, and Mr. Goddard who died in the Church when about to read the lesson. CHURCHWARDENS, 1828-1928 1828 ROBERT JOHNSON 1831 W.F.DIXON - J. WATSON 1832 W.F.DIXON - J. WATSON 1834 PAUL BRIGHT - JOHN JACKSON 1836 R. YEOMANS 1840-2 CHARLES F. YOUNGE - W.I. HORN 1841-2 H. WHEAT - W.I. HORN 1842-3 HENRY WHEAT - DANL. GREENWOOD 1843-5 DANL. GREENWOOD - Wm. BADGER 1847 JOSEPH WARNER - JAMES KIRKMAN 1848-59 Names not available 1860 EDWARD BROWN - FRED MAUNDER 1863-4 FRED MAUNDER - GARLAND 1868-9 R.W. MARSHALL - A. BUCKLE, B.A. 1870-3 J.L. COCKAYNE - EDWARD BROWN 1873-7 THOMAS BIGGIN - JOSEPH PICKERING 1877-80 EDWIN LEADBEATER - JOSEPH PICKERING 1880-1 EDWIN LEADBEATER - C.E. DICKINSON 1881-4 EDWIN LEADBEATER - H. ELLIOTT 1885-9 EDWIN LEADBEATER - W.H. BARNES 1889-91 EDWIN LEADBEATER - H. ELLIOTT 1891-2 C.E. DICKINSON - H. ELLIOTT 1892-3 JOHN SUTTON - CHARLES BURGON 1893-5 CHARLES BURGON - C.E. DICKINSON 1895-1900 W.P. KENYON - H. GREGORY 1900-3 W.P. KENYON - C.E. DICKINSON 1903-4 G. JOHNSON - C.E. DICKINSON 1904-11 C.E. DICKINSON - JOHN BARBER 1911-12 JOHN BARBER - E.B. WILKINSON 1912-13 J.W. ILIFFE - W. WILD 1913-14 E.B. WILKINSON - W. WILD 1914-15 H.B. JACKSON - W. WILD 1915-24 J.F. MITCHELL - W. WILD 1924-5 W. WILD - W.B. STATHER 1925-7 W. WILD - A. DIXON 1927-8 J.F. MITCHELL - A. DIXON ORGANISTS THOMAS FRITH, 1840-1843 F.J. LEESON, 1843-1845 J.E.NEWTON, 1845-1847 (possibly longer) GEORGE LEE, 1866-1877 SAMUEL SUCKLEY, 1877-1879 JOSEPH BEAUMONT, 1879-1903 E.L. MITCHELL, 1903-1915 Mr. ELLISS, 1916-1917 Mr. DYSON, 1917- IRVIN SENIOR, Mr. MILLINGTON, 1920- T, WILLIAMS, 1920-1923 J.T. WATSON, 1923-1928 CHURCHWARDEN'S ACCOUNTS On going through a bundle of old Churchwardens' accounts in the early years of St. Philip's I found many of much interest. Here is one wholly in Montgomery's handwriting. After an item for printing 5,000 hymns and prayers for foundation laying at St. George's, at 2/- per 100, £5, follow those relating to St. Philip's: March 19th, 1822, advertising contracts wanted for new Church of St. Philip's 10/2. September 24th, dinner on laying foundation of St. Philip's Church 7/-. Ditto, procession 11/6. Ditto, thanks to Freemasons 7/-. Printing 500 hymns ditto, 13/-. Other items bring the total to £10 12s. 2d. The account was paid by Mr. Rowland Hodgson, on September 22nd, 1826. Amongst other accounts are the following: July 1828, H.A. Bacon, 19, Angel Street, printer and publisher of the Sheffield Independent, for advt. opening of the Church, etc. 15/6. March 1828, to George Ridge, printer, Stamp Office and Mercury Office, King Street, £3 10s. for printing tickets, receipts, and 2,000 bills "pews to let." July 1828, to John Blackwell, the Sheffield Iris, £1 12s. for advertising consecration and sermons. July 1828, to J.C. Platt & Co., printers and booksellers, Courant Newspaper Office, 6, Haymarket 16/-, advt. "pews to let." August 1833, to Porter and Taylor, 7, High Street, for communion wine, "one doz. very rich old port £1 18s." Others include payments to organists and singers, e.g.- January 1845, £20 to J.E. Newton "for one year's services as Organist." December 1843, £6 5s. to J.F. Leeson, "a quarter's salary as Organist." May 1833, 15s. to John South "for singing ten Sundays at St. Philip's Church." The sum of £11 14s. 11d. was paid to the Sheffield Gaslight Company for gas during 1842; and in 1845, £2 17s. 8d. to Joseph Scorthorne for "6 tons 17 cwt. of coal at 6/6 per ton." CHOIR RULES Here are rules made about 1834, "to be observed by the choir in order to promote the more regular attendance and to preserve the respectability of the choir of singers assembling at St. Philip's Church":- 1. That the time of practice shall commence at eight o'clock in the evening and conclude at nine, or a quarter past. 2. That on each night of meeting those not attending at eight o'clock shall forfeit a penny, and for non-attendance to ... forfeit twopence. 3. That the forfeits to be paid into the hand of the clerk, and the gross amount at the end of each year to be expended ... at a meeting of the choir in such manner as shall be agreed upon by the majority. 4. That on Sundays, if any of the choir are absent at the commencement of service, they shall each forfeit one penny; .... if absent half a day to forfeit threepence each, and if the whole day to forfeit sixpence each. 5. That sickness only shall be cause of exemption from the above forfeits. 6. That the clerk is requested to keep a book in which he will enter the attendance and forfeitures respectively. These rules agreed to, and signed by Paul Bright and John Jackson, Churchwardens, James Lee, William Horsfield, Wm. Lee, George Gill, Wm. Whitehead, Sarah Heald, Elizabeth France, and Mary Ann Smith. THE INFIRMARY Almost opposite to St. Philip's Church are the extensive buildings of the Royal Infirmary (formerly called the General Infirmary). The first block was built in 1797. It was on part of the Infirmary estate, which had been acquired in exchange by Mr. Philip Gell, that St. Philip's Church was erected. In September, 1849, a sermon in aid of the Infirmary was preached in the Church by Dr. Musgrave, Archbishop of York, the collection amounting to £92 10s. The Infirmary now contains 500 beds, and in 1927 had 6,237 in-patients, 22,727 out-patients; in addition to which 20,213 accidents and emergencies were treated. The chaplaincy was for many years held by the vicars of Walkley, but in 1927 the present vicar of St. Philip's was appointed that post. THE BARRACKS The Sheffield Barracks, amongst the finest in the kingdom, standing on 25 acres of land, and fronting Langsett Road, completed in 1850 in place of the old barracks were then in St. Philip's parish. Before the garrison Church was built the officers and soldiers used to march with their band to St. Philip's Church every Sunday, when the Church was usually full. Here is a story of those days. Mr. Robert Jobson, one of the founders of the stove-grate works at Roscoe Place, near to St. Philip's, was a regular attendant at the Church. It is said that he was the last Sheffielder to adhere to the old fashion of wearing his hair in a pigtail or queue. One Sunday as he sat in his pew, he became conscious of some movement behind him, and detected an officer of the 3rd Light Dragoons in the pew behind, pretending to cut the pigtail by moving his first and second fingers as if they were scissors. Mr. Jobson said nothing, but the next day called at the barracks, and interviewed the commander, Lord Robert Manners. The military joker got a good wigging, and made an ample apology, accompanied by a contribution of £5 to the Infirmary. In January 1834, the wardens of St. Philip's received from the War Office a letter enclosing thirty shillings as an annual subscription from the War Department for Church expenses, in addition to the rent of the pew occupied by the officers. THE GREAT FLOOD St. Philip's parish suffered severely in the terrible flood of 12th March, 1864, which involved the loss of 240 lives, the flooding of 4,000 houses, and immense destruction of property. I well remember some of the sad scenes I witnessed at that time. The lower side of the parish from Hillsborough to Shales Moor, felt the full force of the flood. The waters touched the walls of the churchyard, and amongst those who perished were a large number of residents in the parish. The Rev. Charles Sisum Wright, afterwards vicar of St. Silas, Sheffield, and subsequently vicar of Doncaster, was curate of St. Philip's, and lived at Philadelphia House near the Don. He related how the flood rose considerably above his garden wall which was eight feet high. When day dawned the garden was covered with a thick layer of mud in which was embedded a horse, which the flood had carried from its stable over the garden wall. It had on its halter to which a heavy stone was attached. Although much exha! usted it ultimately recovered. *************************** Such is the story of St. Philip's, its beginnings, growth, and work, during the first hundred years of its existence. it has filled a large niche in the history of our city. What of its future ? This, under God, depends in great measure upon the earnest, prayerful, and self sacrificing efforts of its workers and worshippers. As we survey the past with its many changes, we may look to the unknown future with unabated confidence and hope. We live in a new age, an age of opportunity, when the Church of God is confronted with new forces, faced with new and difficult problems, and called upon to make new sacrifices. Amid greatly changed conditions and with special needs, the Clergy, Wardens and Council of St. Philip's boldly, and not without confidence, ask for a Centenary Birthday Gift of £2000. The sum of £1,000 is desired for new choir stalls and communion rails, new chancel pavement, and a new reredos worthy of the fine Church at a cost of £425, of which £100 is yet required. £200 is needed for extensive repairs to the roof, pointing of the stone work, and new fall-pipes, already partly carried out. £250 is needed for renovating and decorating the interior of the Church, besides which a considerable sum is wanted for the improvement of the organ including pneumatic action and an electric blower. To meet all these needs, most of which are urgent, self-sacrifice and generous gifts are called for. May St. Philip's long continue to be a burning and a shining light amid the thousands of busy workers by whom it is surrounded, and also a faithful witness to the Truth of the Eternal Gospel of the Grace of God as revealed by the great Head of the Church, our Lord Jesus Christ, Who is the "same yesterday, and to-day, and for ever." THY KINGDOM COME Composed by James Montgomery, for St. Philip's Bazaar, May 1850 Send out thy light and truth, O God ! With sound of trumpet from above ; Break not the nations with Thy rod, But draw them as with cords of love : Justice and mercy meet. Thy work is well begun, Through every clime, their feet, Who bring salvation, run ; In Earth as Heaven, Thy will be done Before Thee every idol fall, Rend the false Prophet's vail of lies ; The fullness of the Gentiles call, Be Israel saved, let Jacob rise ; Thy Kingdom come indeed, Thy Church with union bless, All scripture be her creed, And every tongue confess One Lord - the Lord of Righteousness. Now for the travail of His soul, Messiah's peaceful reign advance ; From sun to sun, from pole to pole, He claims His pledged inheritance ; O Thou Most Mighty ! gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh, That two-edged sword, thy Word, By which Thy foes shall die, Then spring, new-born, beneath Thine eye. So perish all Thine enemies ; Their enmity alone be slain ; Them, in the arms of mercy seize, Breathe, and their souls shall come again : So, may Thy friends at length, Oft smitten, oft laid low, Forth, like the Sun in strength, Conquering to conquer go : Till to Thy throne all nations flow. ST. PHILIP'S CHURCH, SHEFFIELD, 1928. HOURS OF SERVICE SUNDAYS --- Morning Service at 11: Evening Service at 6-30. Holy Communion at 8 a.m. every Sunday; 11a.m. 1st and 3rd Sundays, and 7-45 p.m. 4th Sunday. Children's Service at 2-45 p.m. 1st Sunday. WEDNESDAYS --- Holy Communion at 7-30 a.m. Intercessions and Address at 7-45 p.m. SAINTS DAYS --- Holy Communion at 7-30 a.m. Holy Baptism and Churchings: Sundays, 4 p.m. Wednesdays, 7 p.m. Marriages: By arrangement any weekday. CLERGY: The Rev. E.W. SELWYN, M.A., Vicar, the Vicarage, 104, Upperthorpe. The Rev. J.M. BORROW, A.K.C., 43 Oakland Road, Hillsboro'. Hon. Diocesan Reader---Dr. H. Caiger, F.R.C.S., 79, Upper Hanover Street. Lady Worker---Miss C. Goddard. Organist & Choirmaster---Mr. J.T. Watson, 32, Conduit Road. Churchwardens---Mr. J.F. Mitchell and Mr. A. Dixon. Parochial Church Council---Secretary, Mr. E. Cook, 75, Wynyard Road; Treasurer, Mr. A. Lofthouse, 85, Meadow Street. Verger Mr. W.C.H. Wood, 34, Matthew Street. Sunday Schools, Hoyle Street and in the Church. Bible Classes for Young Men and Young Women, Eversley House. Day Schools, Hoyle Street---Headmaster (Mixed Dept.) Mr. M. Green, 278, Granville Road. Headmistress (Infants' Dept.) Miss Thompson, 105, Burngreave Road. EVERSLEY HOUSE. Clubs for Men and Girls, etc. Other Parochial Organisations include the Church of England Men's Society, the Mothers' Union, Girls' Friendly Society, Women's Fellowship, Boy Scouts and Wolf Cubs, Girl Guides and Brownies, Children's Church, Band of Hope, Football Club, Church Missionary Society Branch, Church Pastorial Aid Society Branch. Centenary Commemoration Services. During June a Crusade was conducted by past Curates of St. Philip's, who preached each Sunday and held Open-air Services. BIRTHDAY WEEK. Sunday, July 1st, 11 a.m., The Ven. the Archdeacon of Sheffield. The Master Cutler (Percy Lee, Esq.) will attend. 6-30 p.m., Canon F.G. Scovell. The Lord Mayor of Sheffield will attend. Monday, July 2nd, 8 p.m., Canon Trevor Lewis. Sunday, July 8th, 11 a.m., The Lord Bishop of Sheffield. Special R.A.O.B. Parade. 6-30 p.m., Rev. E.W. Selwyn, Vicar. GARDEN FETE On Saturday, June 30th, 8 to 10 p.m. at Banner Cross Hall, Ecclesall, (by kind permission of David Flather, Esq.) Opener, Mrs. J.W. Fawcett, Chairman, Samuel Osborn, Esq. A BAZAAR, will be held in the Cutlers' Hall, on October 18th, 19th and 20th, 1928. Credits Source - http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~engsheffield/ Please visit the site linked - it's excellent and has many interesting articles on Sheffield and it's historical past !

While searching British Newspaper Archive for Myers Grove House, I came across the following reference to its sale in 1846. The seller is Stephen Tingle - a "Steel refiner" according to the 1841 census. Aside from the 19 acres of land included in the sale, there is a "Cast Steel Furnace" and opportunities for working "Coal, Gannister and Fireclay". I thought it was worth quoting the auction notice in full for the "pleasant Country Residence":-

This article first appeared in the Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society, and is reproduced by kind permission of the Society. JOHN CURR AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHEFFIELD COLLIERIES, 1781-1805 By IAN R. MEDLICOTT I When the Duke of Norfolk's Sheffield collieries were taken into direct management in 1781, the trustees of the estate were faced with a financially bankrupt and technologically backward concern. Over the next 20 years these collieries were transformed into the largest and most technologically advanced in South Yorkshire. How did the change come about? Why did the 11th Duke of Norfolk revert to the role of colliery lessor? The Sheffield estate of the Dukes of Norfolk lay on the Yorkshire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire coalfield, on the rich outcrops of the Barnsley, Parkgate and Silkstone seams. These were the richest coal seams in South Yorkshire, covering the whole range of steam, manufacturing, house, gas and coking coals. The consolidated nature of the Norfolk estate allowed the coal to be mined without expenditure on way-leaves or freeholders' minerals. The most important factor which enabled Norfolk coal to be worked on an extensive scale was the industrial expansion of Sheffield from the seventeenth century onwards, in the production of iron and steel, cutlery, scythes, files and saws. In the eighteenth century, the adoption of coke in the production of iron and steel, Huntsman's crucible steel-making process and Cort's reverberatory furnace further stimulated the demand for coal. The industrial expansion of Sheffield, coupled with the increase in consumer demand following a rise in population, created a large local market for coal. Coal had been worked on the Sheffield estate in Handsworth, Gleadless, Dronfield and Sheffield Park during the sixteenth century. Stone gives some indication of the extent of the Sheffield Park Colliery between July 1579 and December 1582. Output varied between 1,304½ loads (1,174 tons) and 1,515 loads (1,363 tons) per annum, or approximately one-fifteenth the size of a large-scale mine. Frequent official holidays reduced the possible working days to 280 per annum, and with absenteeism the pits lay unworked for a large part of the year. Wages were probably supplemented by labouring or the cultivation of small-holdings.[1] The seventeenth century witnessed the more extensive working of coal in the Sheffield area, following an expansion of the cutlery and fine-edged tool industry. For example, in 1635 Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, leased the Handsworth Park Pits for 40 years at £60 per annum, which by 1656 produced 1,600 loads (1,440 tons) of coal. An entry in the estate accounts for 1636 refers to a new coal mine on the `Parke ' Hill toppe'; whilst to the north of Sheffield pits were being worked at Mortomley and Chapeltown in 1637.[2] An even greater expansion in the exploitation of coal occurred during the eighteenth century, and especially after 1750, with the widespread adoption of coke in the iron and steel industry. Collieries became more extensive and the ensuing demand for coal enabled mineral owners to enforce higher rentals. In 1737, for example; John Bowden of Beighton leased the Duke of Norfolk's pits in the Park and on Attercliffe and Darnall Commons for an annual fixed rent of £400 plus one-fifth of the value of all coal worked in excess of this sum.[ 3] On expiry of Bowden's lease in 1758, the Wood Pits and Manor Colliery were taken under direct estate management. The reasons for this are not clear. Norfolk may have encountered some difficulty in finding a lessee, due to the depressed state of the coal market and the near exhaustion of the pits. The mines could not have been abandoned without adversely affecting those manufacturers who relied on coal supplied by the pits and who would have been in danger of not being able to pay their rents to Norfolk. The industrial rents comprised a large part of total estate revenue; out of a total annual revenue of £13,206-5-7½ in 1761-2, the income from forges and furnaces amounted to £3,851-9-0½ with the Sheffield Park and Manor collieries contributing a further £1,150-0-0. Thus Norfolk and his industrial tenants would have been seriously affected by a closure of the pits. Accordingly, the Sheffield pits were purchased from Bowden for £194-16-9½ in 1758 and Norfolk began paying himself a rental of £1,000 per annum from the balances. Old pits were filled and new ones opened, and as a consequence output at the Manor Colliery rose from 20,402 corves (797 tons) in 1758-9 to 37,554 corves (1,467 tons) in 1761. Even the Wood Pits were able to increase production from 140,655 corves (5,494 tons) in 1761 to 156,000 corves (6,094 tons) in 1762, in spite of severe competition from a colliery on Attercliffe Common.[4]. The Sheffield collieries were able to take advantage of the increased demand for coal after 1760. Even so, Norfolk was a reluctant colliery proprietor for when suitable lessees were found in Townsend and Furniss, the collieries were again leased in 1765. The fixed rent of £1,000 per annum provided Norfolk with an income similar to when his collieries were under direct estate control, but without the risks of direct management.[5] Although Norfolk had leased the mines, viewers had to be employed to report on the condition of the collieries and recommend improvements, for any mismanagement could lead to a loss of revenue in later years. For example, a report on the Sheffield Park Colliery in 1773 suggested a more efficient mode of working the mine. This entailed working four pits instead of five and the installation of gins to draw the larger 16 peck corves (1.25 cwt) to replace those of 10 pecks (0.78 cwt). A more significant recommendation was for a waggon-way to be constructed into the town to reduce transport costs from 2s 6d to 1 s 0d per load (42.5 cwt), and enable Norfolk to raise the colliery rental .[6] The waggon-way, made of oak and beech rails ran for 1 3/4 miles, and was completed at a cost of £3,280 in 1774. Norfolk raised the colliery rental, until by 1779 the lessees were paying £460 more than their old rent. In spite of the waggon-way, the increased rental and loan payments proved too burdensome for the lessees and contributed towards a financial crisis and their eventual withdrawal from mining. The serious financial difficulties encountered by the lessees in the late 1770s prompted a series of reports on the state of the collieries and it was at this time that John Curr was employed as a colliery viewer. John Curr (1756-1823) was born in County Durham where he received his training before being employed as viewer to the Duke of Norfolk mines in Sheffield. Why Curr was appointed is not clear, but two of the trustees placed in control of the Sheffield estate on the death of the 9th Duke in 1777 were the Earls of Scarborough and Strafford who had mining interests in the Great Northern Coalfield and who may have heard of his abilities. The trustees would have called for a report on the state of the collieries on taking control in 1777, whilst the condition of the mines necessitated a closer supervision.[7] The reports submitted by John Curr and John Stephenson of Kimberworth Park Colliery, Rotherham, state clearly the.,reasons for the financial crisis facing the Sheffield collieries. Profits were insufficient in relation to the capital invested and the costs of production had increased as the workings moved further from the town and deeper under the Park, where geological faults became more prevalent. The cost of leading coal into the town had increased. Revenue was also affected by an increase in the proportion of low value small coal extracted in relation to hard coal. In 1774 the ratio of hard coal to small was three to five; a proportion which had declined to one in three by 1779. It is not surprising that the downward trend in profits continued until by Christmas 1778 the collieries were £60 in deficit, with a forecast that by 1779 this would amount to £250. The Gleadless Colliery was also being worked at a loss of £100 per annum by 1781; and a report, suggested that the rent should be held back for 3 years. [8] II The lessees felt unable to continue with the collieries, and on Lady Day 1781, they surrendered their lease. As new lessees would not have been attracted to such an unprofitable enterprise, which required considerable capital investment to overcome the severe geological difficulties, as well as competition and a slump in the coal market, the Norfolk estate was obliged once again to take over direct control of the collieries. The decision to bring the collieries under direct estate management marked a crucial point in their development, for the Sheffield estate was probably the only concern that was prepared or capable of investing the necessary capital in such a high risk venture. The future development of the collieries came to rest on Norfolk capital and, the mining expertise of John Curr. Considerable capital was expended on the modernisation and extension of the Sheffield Park and Manor Collieries and in sinking new mines. For example, by 1784 some £4,700 had been invested in the Wood Pits and between 1786 and 1790 £13,823 had been spent on the new Attercliffe Colliery.[9] The degree of executive authority exercised by Curr over the collieries is difficult to assess. What evidence there is suggests that Curr had considerable freedom in the management of the mines, but he was accountable to Vincent Eyre, the land agent, to the trustees and later to the l l th Duke of Norfolk; Curr's accounts were audited by Henry Howard until his death in 1787. In addition, reports on the collieries were submitted by John Stephenson and John Buddle senior, one of the foremost mining consultants of the period. As Superintendent of the coalworks of his Grace Duke of Norfolk, Curr's responsibilities covered such diverse areas as ventilation, drainage, haulage, pit sinking, opening new collieries, sales, employment, supervision of workers and keeping the accounts.[10] Curr was also expected to solve any technical problems and to introduce the necessary innovations to facilitate the efficient extraction and movement of the coal. Not only was he responsible for the overall management of the collieries but he bore the further burden of profit creation and supervision of the capital investment programme. Such a varied area of responsibility made it virtually impossible to have detailed control and expertise over all aspects of management. It is in the area of mine engineering that Curr is better known, with several of his innovations being adopted in many coalfields. A major advance was made in the technology of pit haulage and winding, which enabled larger quantities of coal to be moved more quickly from the work places to the surface. Curr replaced the hazel wickerwork kibbles that held 14 cwt of coal with the larger, four-wheeled corf constructed of solid wooden planks attached to an iron frame and capable of carrying 5½-6 cwt of coal. The novelty of Curr's design was that the whole corf and tram could be raised up the shaft, thus replacing the usual practice of reloading at the pit bottom. Waggon-ways were constructed underground at the Sheffield Park Colliery in 1783, and the first payments for the boys who led the horse-drawn corves were recorded in the accounts in January 1784. The rails were made of beech and it was not until shortly before April 1787 that the colliery account books recorded payments for cast iron plates. Although Curr's waggon-ways marked a cul-de-sac in later rail development, as the flange was on the rail, they did solve the immediate problem of moving large quantities of coal from the work places. Hatchett, who was on a tour of the manufacturing districts of England and Scotland in 1796, wrote that a single horse could pull 12 to 14 fully loaded corves at a time, whilst Curr claimed that where the ground fell ½ inch in the yard, up to 24 corves could be hauled. This compares with an average of 2 or 3 that could be hauled at any one time in the Newcastle area.[11] To overcome the damage caused by corves colliding with each other and with the pit shaft, a system of conductors was devised whereby the corves were suspended below a crossbar which ran with the aid of rollers within two pairs of deal rails that formed guide rods. This system not only reduced the risk of collision in the shaft but allowed the corves to be raised at a much greater speed, with two corves being lifted out of the mine at the rate of 840 feet per minute. Curr invented a system of emptying the corves by tiplers; whereby two empty corves were pushed forward ready to go down the shaft, while at the same time the full corves were moved towards the tipler for mechanical unloading. On examination of Curr's new method of hurrying, Buddle reported that it was... ‘founded on true mechanical Principles'; and would save 34d per waggon or £321-10-0 per annum. [12] Major advances were also made in rope technology; for as the collieries increased in depth stresses on the rope became more severe. Curr invented the double rope which could draw more than twice the weight of the usual rope. In 1798 the flat rope was introduced to overcome the unequal stresses on the winding axle as the full corves were being wound from the pit bottom while the opposing empty corves were at the top. This invention comprised several circular ropes stitched together, and it was claimed that it could do six or seven times as much work as the `Common Ropes'.[13] Other innovations devised by Curr included improvements to his original corf design by the insertion of a brass bush into the corf wheel, through which ran the axle. When the bush was worn, it was replaced instead of the whole wheel being discarded. On the surface, waggon-ways and inclined planes were installed to move the coal either to the coal stack or directly into the town. Curr found that the efficiency of pumping engines could be achieved by raising the cistern 36 inches above the cylinder top, instead of the usual 12-14 inches. This produced a better vacuum and provided more power without the use of additional fuel. The last 20 years of the eighteenth century saw the Norfolk collieries in the forefront of mine haulage and winding technology, and the adoption of many of these improvements in other coalfields enabled Curr to claim that he had received ` . .. something handsome for the Patent Rights from sundry Proprietors of Collieries'.[14] To take advantage of the demand for steam pumping and winding engines, Curr established an iron foundry in 1792 to supply iron castings, rails, engines and cylinders ranging from 14 to 32 inches. The bulk of the iron purchases for the Norfolk collieries was made from the foundry, and between 1792 and 1801 it supplied goods to the value of £14,069-0-0. Although this situation was open to abuse it did allow Curr a valuable facility to construct and devise improvements for the collieries. The increased expenditure by collieries on iron goods illustrates the interrelationship in the development of the coal and iron industries during the late eighteenth century. Whereas before 1765 the major items of expenditure in the Sheffield collieries included pit sinking, headings, punches and driving soughs, by 1781 iron goods became the largest single item of purchase. Out of a total expenditure of £13,822-16-11 in opening the Attercliffe Colliery, £3,450-15-1½ was for iron goods. This was an on-going process with the collieries submitting regular orders for steam pumping and winding engines, waggons and rails, whilst the ironworks in turn demanded regular supplies of coal.[15] As remuneration for his position as `Superintendent', Curr's salary was based on a fixed rate per colliery that did not vary in spite of inflation during the last 20 years of' the eighteenth century. His annual salary included £100 for the Sheffield and Manor Colliery, £70 for the Attercliffe Colliery and £20 for the Hesley Colliery, with an additional £25 for viewing and measuring the coal and ironstone mines under lease. Certainly Curr did not look upon his salary as generous in relation to the responsibilities that went with the position, and for the expenses he had to pay. These expenses included the salary for an assistant clerk, hay, keep of a horse, house tax, coals, candles for an office and an agent's house, which he claimed were generally paid for by other proprietors. [16] On inheriting the Sheffield estate in 1786, the I1th Duke was unwilling to bear the full financial burden in the exploitation of the estate's minerals. Norfolk took as an equal partner his land agent Vincent Eyre, who had already invested `many thousand pounds' in the Attercliffe Colliery. Capital costs and profits were to be shared equally between the partners. Even so, Norfolk was not following the general trend of landowners at this time who had divested their mining interests, although supervision of the enterprise could be left more in the hands of Eyre, who, due to a large financial stake in the enterprise, had an additional stimulus to see they were correctly managed.[17] The major capital investment prior to 1801 was in the sinking of the Attercliffe Colliery that was opened to work 90 acres of coal at a depth of 100 yards. Sinking commenced in December 1786 with production starting two years later. Expenditure on the colliery between December 1786 and June 1790 was approximately £13,822-16-11. Another colliery was sunk at the Ponds in 1789 and whilst no evidence as to cost has been found, Buddle produced an estimate for a colliery on the site of £4,500 in 1787. Although the demand for coal had declined by 1800, existing collieries had still to be extended and new coal broken into. This was the case with the Sheffield Park Colliery, but instead of extending the workings further under the Park at depths greater than 100 yards, the decision was taken to open a new, but shallower colliery at Crooks Croft in 1803-4. This was to become the major coal producing unit in Sheffield. A lack of documentary evidence prevents an accurate calculation of the total capital investment made in the exploitation of the coal reserves between 1781 and 1805, but Curr stated that by 1793, some £20,000 had been expended on the Sheffield collieries.[18] The extension and opening of new collieries were not the only areas of major capital expenditure, for when the opportunity arose, neighbouring mines had to be purchased to prevent them falling into the control of competitors, to consolidate the Norfolk monopoly and to extend the coal reserves. With these factors in mind the Darnall Colliery was acquired in 1798 for £8,500 from Clay & Co., and the Dore House Colliery for £5,313-10-0 in 1801.[19] The extensive programme of capital expenditure, coupled with Curr's technological improvements, were not reflected in any dramatic increase in output at the Sheffield Park and Manor Collieries. The estimated maximum annual production at the Wood Pits (Sheffield Park Colliery), was 19,800 tons in 1773 compared with an average annual output of 18,227 tons per annum between 1781 and 1801. An overall increase in coal production was achieved only by opening new collieries at Attercliffe, the Ponds and Crooks Croft. Whereas the Sheffield Park Colliery produced 23,351 tons in 1800-1, the output of the new Attercliffe Colliery amounted to 44,538 tons out of a total production for all the Norfolk collieries of 99,840.[20] The Sheffield collieries provide an example of how a large local industrial and domestic market could stimulate mining on a large scale. Initially the coal market depended mainly on the cutlery and fine-edged tool manufacturers, but towards the end of the eighteenth century, the expansion of the iron and steel industry made an increasing impact. The numerous wars in the eighteenth century resulted in short-term booms in the heavy industrial sector, especially when manufacturers were recipients of government munition contracts. For example, three-fifths of the total output of 1,221 tons of iron cast at the Walker's Masborough ironworks in 1781 went to the government. On the other hand wars, especially the War of American Independence, dislocated foreign trade and adversely affected the cutlery and fine-edged tool manufacturers. Upon the termination of hostilities in North America, Booth & Co. erected an iron furnace in Sheffield Park, and output at the Sheffield Park Colliery rose from 10,693 waggons (16,039 tons) in 1783-4 to 14,344 waggons (20,682 tons) in 1784-5. The ensuing boom in coal demand led to an acute shortage in supply and encouraged Norfolk to open the Attercliffe Colliery in 1786.[21] The declaration of war against France in 1793 again disrupted the overseas markets of the Sheffield manufacturers, and even by 1796, trade had not recovered. Output at the Sheffield Park and Attercliffe Collieries declined from 62,527 tons in 1791-2 to 43,609 tons in 1794-5. But as the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars progressed, the shortage of iron and opportunities for large profits led to an expansion of heavy industry through munition contracts and orders for colliery equipment. Even the cutlery trade, with new markets in North and South America and extensive smuggling into Europe to circumvent Napoleon's continental system, was able for a time, to recover and flourish. The Sheffield manufacturers were able to adjust to war-time conditions and by 1800-1 the Sheffield Park and Attercliffe collieries raised output to a record 67,889 tons.[22] However, this boom was short-lived, with trade again being severely hit by the American trade embargo of December 1807 and a tightening of the Napoleonic blockade in 1810. The Dukes of Norfolk had a monopoly of the Sheffield coal market and it was therefore in their interest to protect this from outside competition. In 1751, for example, the Don Navigation was terminated at Tinsley, some 3 miles from the town centre, following obstruction from the Norfolk estate. A turnpike road was allowed through the Park only on the understanding that Norfolk coal should be excused the payment of tolls within the Park. Booth & Co. of the Park Ironworks were granted a lease in 1784 to mine coal and iron but were defeated by water in their attempt to sink a pit after spending upwards of £3,000, and even a second attempt proved disappointing. The lessees tried to sell their excess of small coal but were accused of selling in direct competition to the Manor Colliery and so were ordered to close the mine without compensation. Thereafter Booth & Co. were obliged to buy directly from the Norfolk collieries where the price of hard coal rose from 5s in 1796 to 9s per ton in 1804. The Norfolk coal monopoly was also reinforced when leases were granted to industrial tenants. For example, in their original lease of 1763 Booth & Co. were obliged to purchase coal from a Norfolk colliery if there was one nearby, whilst Swallow, who leased a colliery in Hesley Wood, Chapeltown, could mine coal only for his ironworks, except for £60 of `slack' coal which he was allowed to sell to local smithies.[23] Not only did the Norfolk coal monopoly enable the collieries to raise prices higher than under conditions of competition, but the relatively small number of collieries in Sheffield and their inelasticity of supply created a shortage of coal during , periods of high demand. During the local iron industry boom of 1792 the shortage of coal was so acute that it prevented the `regular' working of several steel furnaces and manufactories. Coal prices were raised, with the `Dross' coal from the Sheffield Park Colliery being increased from 15s to 17s 6d per waggon (30 cwt), and the small from l0s to 11 s 8d per waggon in 1792. The shortage of coal and rising prices encouraged a group of Sheffield businessmen, including seven steel makers, four merchants, two iron-founders and two refiners, to sink their own colliery at Dore House. Although this colliery was initially profitable, it was unable to survive the slump after 1794, and the owners were eventually forced to sell out to Norfolk and Eyre in 1801. But whilst the Dore House Colliery was unable to break the Norfolk monopoly, they were successful, for a while, in holding steady the price of coal in Sheffield.[24] The greatest extent of the Norfolk coal monopoly was achieved in 1801 on the purchase of the Dore House Colliery. The Norfolk pits accounted for 101,400 tons or 81.12 per cent of the 125,000 tons of coal consumed by the Sheffield manufacturers from 16 collieries in 1803.[25] This dominance of the Sheffield market was to last until the opening of the Tinsley Canal in 1819, and was not finally broken until the Sheffield to Rotherham Railway was constructed in 1838. III To what extent was the capital expenditure on the collieries between 1781 and 1801 reflected in increased profits? Soon-after the collieries were taken under direct estate control, profits showed a marked improvement as a result of capital investment, Curr's technical innovations and an upturn in the demand for coal. In 1781-2. the Sheffield Park and Manor Collieries returned a profit of £1,823-15-2, which had increased to £3,773-15-8 in 1791-2, whilst the total profit of the Sheffield Park, Manor and Attercliffe collieries amounted to £5,411-18-4. From this peak the profits steadily declined until by 1797-8 total profits of the collieries were only £1,747-4-8½ with losses recorded at the Attercliffe Colliery in 1796-7 and the Sheffield Park and Manor collieries in 1800-1. Apart from 1791-2, profits from the collieries also remained a small percentage of total estate revenue, varying from 6.75 per cent in 1781-2 and 14.65 per cent in 1791-2 to 3.91 per cent in 1797-8, with the colliery profits not keeping pace with the increase in agricultural rents for the period 1781-1801[26] What were the reasons for such a dramatic decline in the profitability of the collieries? Whilst the introduction of Curr's innovations made the Norfolk collieries some of the most technically advanced in the country and almost certainly enabled some savings in production costs, these were negated by a fall in demand for coal, severe competition and a rapid rise in wage and material costs between 1794 and 1800. The last 20 years of the eighteenth century was a period of general inflation which affected the whole range of production costs, from wages to animal feedstuffs. Inflation was further aggravated between 1790 and 1800 during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, when production costs more than outweighed the increase in output and coal prices. [27] In 1801, Curr commented on the difficulties facing the nation's collieries and in particular the lack of profits from the Norfolk mines and a neighbouring pit owned by Staniforth. `The high prices of hay and Corn, Workmens wages in acct. of the high price of Provisions, Punch Wood and leading, Deal Timber, Powder, Ropes, Candles, Iron, Cast Iron, & Oyl (sic) & have for 2 years past been distressing.. '[28] The state of the Norfolk collieries was exacerbated by an increase in competition from two collieries sunk in the 1790's at Dore House and Intake, in addition to those at Darnall and Attercliffe, which prevented an increase in coal prices to compensate for the rise in the costs of production. Referring to the Dore House Colliery, Curr remarked that: `The loss to themselves in Interests and money sunk has been about £8,000, but the loss sustained (in being deprived of their consumption, and keeping down the price of Coals) has been 3 times as much to the Duke's Collieries.'[29] Profits were also affected by internal cost factors such as geological faulting, deeper workings, drainage problems and the increased distance from markets. For example, Staniforth was accused of breaching the barrier that separated his mine from the Darnall and Attercliffe collieries, and which allowed a vast amount of -water to enter the workings. At least four pumping engines had to be installed at the Attercliffe Colliery whose running costs amounted to £3,000 per annum, and whose total sales in 1799-1800 were only £9,335-0-0. The cost of working the pumps is reflected in the amount of coal consumed by the engines and fire pan, an item that rose from 5,585 tons in 1789-90 to 8,435 tons in 1799-1800. Norfolk and the executors of Vincent Eyre took Staniforth to the York Assizes in 1803, claiming damages of £10,000 for lost production, but they were not successful in their prosecution .[30] The increase in production costs can be seen in the average cost per ton. The estimated average wage cost in the production of 19,800 tons of coal at the Wood Pits (Sheffield Park Colliery) was 1s 4½d per ton in 1773; this had risen to 1s 10¾d per ton on 22,203 tons in 1790-1 and to 3s 2d per ton on 16,426 tons by 1797-8. Wage costs are not available for the Attercliffe Colliery, but average total working costs rose from 2s 3½d per ton in 1790-1 to 4s 0d per ton in 1797-8, and while these costs rose by 57.5 per cent in seven years, output declined by 5,517 tons, from 36,456 tons to 30;939 tons. [31] The adverse effects of inflation and production difficulties would probably have been even more severe without the high level of capital investment and Curr's costsaving innovations. Curr claimed that: `... bad as the Collieries have lately proved, they would have been much worse if I had not made the improvements I have stated...'. Even so, it was the continued unprofitability of the collieries that persuaded Norfolk to dismiss Curr on 14 October 1801 after more than 20 years' service: ‘. . . the want of success in concerns so important to myself & the trade of Sheffield, has appeared to me a sufficient reason for placing the management of them in other hands, to try whether different measures may produce better consequences.[32]' If the collieries had been owned by a proprietor in closer touch with his management, the dismissal of Curr could well have occurred sooner. There does appear to be some doubt about the ability of the Norfolks to respond quickly to changing managerial and market conditions, as shown by the late attempt to remedy the financial deterioration of the collieries. On the other hand, estate and personal interests made it difficult for the landowner to exercise detailed control over all estate activities, and Mee's description of the Earls Fitzwilliam could be applied equally to the Dukes of Norfolk: ‘. . . the Earls Fitzwilliam inevitably had to leave matters of day to day administration in the hands of their local managers ... therefore, for much of the time they were attempting to control the collieries and other enterprises from a distance and consequently had to rely mainly on the correspondence and the regular submission of accounts and reports from the manager, to maintain contact. ..'[33] However, Curr's dismissal came at a time when output, sales and profits were already improving. Strict economics and an increase in coal prices meant that profits continued after 1801. The number of pumping engines at the Attercliffe Colliery was reduced from four to two, and price increases followed a reinforcement of the Norfolk monopoly upon the purchase of the Dore House Colliery in 1841. These actions enabled Norfolk and the executors of Vincent Eyre to withdraw £21,000 between 1804 and 1805.[34] Whilst Curr was a highly proficient mining engineer, there are some doubts on his ability as a manager. During a period of rapidly falling profits and rising production costs, he probably kept an insufficient check on capital investment in relation to its financial return, without the necessary emphasis on raising output and lowering unit costs. Some indication of this can be seen between 1801 and 1805, when profits rose after a reduction in capital equipment and an increase in coal prices. Likewise, the lessees who took over the collieries in 1805 were able to raise output and profits. For example, the Sheffield Park Colliery's output of 22,351 tons in 1800-1 was increased to 64,848 tons in 1817. This increase in output was achieved in spite of a dramatic reduction in plant and machinery from £12,656-5-9 in 1805 to £7,748-18-4½ in 1820. However, the lessees do appear to have gone to the opposite extreme in order to achieve profit maximisation, to the detriment of Norfolk's long-term mining interest. Collieries were run down, fixed stock depleted and the easier coal worked, so that by 1820 a total of £18,000 was required to be spent on the collieries.[35] Another factor that may have contributed to managerial inefficiency and a reduction in the cost effectiveness of the collieries was the lack of delegation of executive responsibilities. Although this situation reduced the chance of embezzlement or fraud, it required a `superintendent' like Curr to have expertise in all aspects of management from mine engineer and sales director to cost accountant. Even so, it must be remembered that colliery entrepreneurs at this time were pioneers in modern management practices. IV In spite of the increase in profits between 1801 and 1805 it appears that Norfolk was waiting for an opportunity to relinquish his mining interests. This decision would have been influenced by the financial risks involved in what turned out to be a highly speculative venture. After 1794, Norfolk was faced with rising costs, competition, drainage and geological difficulties, which by 1800 had plunged the collieries into deficit. As long as the collieries remained under estate management further capital expenditure was required to open new workings and mines. In addition, a greater executive burden would have fallen on Norfolk following the death of his partner Vincent Eyre, and the dismissal of John Curr in 1801. Vincent Eyre's share of the partnership was inherited by his widow Catherine and brother Thomas, a member of the clergy, both of whom would probably not have been experienced colliery proprietors. It is not surprising therefore that Norfolk should want to revert to the more secure role of lessor. The Hesley Colliery was sold to Richard Swallow, proprietor of the Chapel Ironworks, for £2,500 in 1804, but the sale of the more extensive Sheffield collieries proved more difficult. It was probably to attract a purchaser for the collieries that a particularly lenient lease was offered to a consortium of Sheffield businessmen in 1805. The lease was for 15 years at a low fixed rental of £750 per annum for 18 acres of coal, but they agreed to purchase the collieries for £72,500 in 29 equal instalments. Thus Norfolk had sold his mining enterprise to a group of businessmen who were better able to bear the financial risks of management.[36] The trustees of the Sheffield estate and the Norfolk family were probably unwilling colliery proprietors in 1781. Nevertheless, their capital and the engineering expertise of John Curr developed the collieries into the most extensive mining enterprise in South Yorkshire by 1805. The total output of the Sheffield collieries rose from 27,610 tons in 1781-2 to 84,995 tons in 1800-1, with the stock valuation amounting to £16,515-7-3½ in 1805.[37] A more significant figure representing the value of the collieries is the selling of the enterprise for £72,500. However, Norfolk was unwilling to continue as a colliery proprietor and by reverting to the role of lessor, he followed the general trend among the landed interest. Even so, the development of the Sheffield collieries between 1781 and 1805 led to an advance in mining technology and contributed towards the, economic expansion of South Yorkshire. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express gratitude to His Grace. the Duke of Norfolk in allowing access to the Arundel Castle Manuscripts, and to the staff of the _Department of Local History and Archives at the Sheffield City Library for their assistance. I am grateful to Dr, D. Hey who read the typescript and suggested improvements. REFERENCES l. L. Stone, `An Elizabethan Coalmine', Economic History Review, 2nd Series, Volume 3 (1950-1), pp. 97-102. The Sheffield estate came into the Norfolk family following the marriage of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, to Lady Alethea, the co-heir and daughter of Gilbert, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury. 2. R. M. Cox, `The Development of the Coal Industry in South Yorkshire before 1850' (Unpublished M. A. thesis, University of Sheffield, 1960), pp. 56-60, 75. R. A. Mott, Sheffield' Telegraph, Sheffield Newspaper Cuttings, Volume 27 (1933), p. 46 Sheffield City Library (hereafter S.C.L.)' 3. E. Sorby, `Coal Mining near Sheffield from 1737 to 1820': The Midland Institute of Mining, Civil and Mechanical -Engineers, Volume LXV (1923), 1, Miscellaneous Documents (hereafter M.D:). 1387¬S.C.L. 4. Arundel Castle Manuscripts (hereafter A.C.M.) S195B, S.C.L. 5. A.C,M. S195 B, 5177, S.C.L. The Sheffield collieries under lease to Townsend and Furniss were the most lucrative for the estate; returning £1,000 out of a total colliery rental of £1,135-13-0 in 1771-2. Other collieries on the estate were small concerns, serving the immediate needs of their proprietors and could be found at Handsworth, Hesley Wood near Chapeltown; Fulwood Moor and Oughtibridge. Townsend and Furniss took a lease of the Gleadless Colliery for £50 per annum in 1777. 6: A.C.M. S215, S.C.L. The Sheffield Park Colliery worked at a depth of 300 feet. Coal was drawn in `kibbles' holding 10 pecks (0:78 cwt) and hauled on sledge-trams. The fixed rents of the Sheffield Park and Manor collieries were revised in 1774 to £1,000 and £50 respectively and 44s per ten (44 loads or 38 tons) on all coal worked above 600 tens, (19,800 tons) at the Sheffield Park Colliery and 8d per corf load (17cwt) above 4,400 corf loads (3,800 tons) at the Manor Colliery. G. G. Hopkinson, `The Development of Lead Mining and of the Coal and Iron Industries in North Derbyshire and South Yorkshire 1700-1850' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Sheffield, 1958); p. 250. 7. The earliest record of John Curr in the accounts refers to: `20 December 1777: Received of Mr John Curr the remainder and in full for the overvend both, of the Wood and Manor Pits due Xmas 1775 and 1776 ... £134-1-6'. A.C.M. S179, S.C.L. ' 8. A.C.M. S217, S.C.L. . 9. A.C.M. S221, S:C.L. I. R. Medlicott, `The Landed Interest and the Development of the South Yorkshire Coalfield 1750 to 1830' (unpublished M. Phil. thesis, Open University, 1982), p. 57. The Hesley Colliery at Chapeltown was also taken into direct management in 1790. 10. Directory of Sheffield, 1787 (reprinted Sheffield, 1889), p. 56. The Sheffield estate, including the collieries, were under the control of trustees between 1777 and 1786, although advice would have been sought from the Earl of Surrey. Under the terms of Edward, 9th Duke of Norfolk's settlement of 1767, Charles Howard of Greystoke inherited the dukedom, and his son the Earl of Surrey received the profits of the Sheffield and much of the Sussex estates. On the death of the 10th Duke in 1786, the Earl of Surrey inherited both the dukedom and the estates. 11: A. Raistrick (ed.), The Hatchett Diary: A Tour through the Counties of England and Scotland in 1796, Visiting Mines and Manufactories (Truro, 1967), pp. 70-71. J. Curr, The Coal Viewer- and Engine. Builders' Practical Companion (Sheffield, 1797), pp. 8, 14. 12. R. L: Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining and the Coal Trade, Volume 1 (Newton Abbot, 1971), p 323. A.C.M. S233 S.C.L. 13.A.C.M.S214,S.C.L.. 14.A.C.M.S214, S.C.L. 15.Medlicott,M.Phil.thesis,p.61,187. 16. A.C.M. S214, S.C.L. 17. G. E. Mingay; English Landed Society in the Eighteenth Century (1963), p: 192. 18. A.C.M. 5223, 5214, S.C.L. 19. A.C.M. 5205, S274, S.C.L. Two documents relating to a case brought by the Duke of Norfolk and the executors of Vincent Eyre against a -Mr Staniforth for breaking the barriers between their collieries give £8,500 and £10,000 as the purchase price of the Darnall Colliery. 20. A.C.M. 5215, S.C.L. Medlicott; M. Phil. thesis, p. 66, 300-302. 21. T. S. Ashton, Iron and Steel in the Industrial Revolution (Manchester, 1924), p. 48. Medlicott; M. Phil. thesis, p. 300. 22. Medlicott, M. Phil. thesis, p. 300. 23. A.C.M. 5236, S378, S.C.L. 24. A.C.M. 65344; M.D. 1746-8-13, S.CL. 25. M.D. 1746-5, S.C.L. 26.A.C.M. S196, S200, S.C.L. In 1796-7, the Attercliffe Colliery balance was £317-15-8½, and in 1800-1 Sheffield Park and Manor collieries was £200-12-9½. After the deduction of wood costs these collieries would have been working at a loss. There are no individual figures for wood consumed in these collieries in 1796-7 and 1800-1. Wood consumed has been deducted for other dates referred to. 27. A. J. Taylor, `The Sub-contract System in the British Coal Industry', Chapter IX, in L. S._Presnell (ed.); Studies in the Industrial Revolution (1960); pp. 227-228. Between 1790 and 1800 hewers' wages rose by 25 per cent, and material costs by a greater amount, with timber more than doubling in price. 28: A.C.M. 5214, S.C.L. 29. A.C.M. S214, S.C.L. 30. A.C.M. 5214, 5274, S.C.L. 31. Medlicott; M. Phil. thesis, pp. 300-302: 32.A.C.M. 5214, S.C.L. 33: G. Mee, Aristocratic Enterprise (Glasgow, 1975), p. 87. 34. A.C.M. S205, S.C.L. 35. A.C.M. S205, SD14, S.C.L. 36. A.C.M. 65344, S.C.L. 37. A.C.M. S205, S.C..L.

I am trying to determine if there was anything left of the Park Goods station after 1966 to 1969. I understand that it was supposed to have closed in 1963. Due to the Tinsley marshalling yard being opened in 1965. There is a picture of it still in operation captured with a photo of the Canal Basin, but the photo implies late 60's rather than earlier. I have tried to search for large scale maps from the late 60's, but had no results. I don't know if you can buy them. The O.S. site has no indication of maps, at least down to street level size, on their website. I have seen a picture dated to 1969 of the Flying Scotsman passing through Victoria, which shows some carriages parked up on the lines to the station. So that could mean that the tracks were still there at that time.