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  1. RichardB

    1879 Sheffield Public Houses

    A names Name Address Open Closed 1879. Abbey Hotel 944 Chesterfield Road, S8 1862 still open John England Abbeydale Station Hotel 161 Abbeydale Road South 1855. Edward Robinson Acorn 204 Shalesmoor, S3 1821. 1960. William Smith Acorn Bracken Hill, Chapeltown 1865. Wilfred Ollerearnshaw Adelphi 13 Arundel Street/Sycamore Street, S1 1849. 1969. Ralph Armfield Admiral Rodney 592 Loxley Road, S6 1833. Thomas Trickett Albert 2 Coal Pit Lane, S1 1797. 1988. Mrs Hannah Naylor (Cambridge Street) Albert 31 Sutherland Street, S4 1855. 1996. Thomas Darwent Albion 12 Sylvester Street 1851. 1926. Mrs Elizabeth Bradshaw Albion 35 Johnson Street 1839. 1925. Charles Taylor Albion 4 Mitchell Street, S3 1835. 1990's Mrs Caroline Braithwaite Albion High Street, Attercliffe (694 Attercliffe Road) 1819. Charles H Johnson Albion Hotel 75 London Road, S2 1833. Still open Henry Roberts Alexandra 111 Eldon Street/14 Milton Street 1833. 1956. John Lewis (121 Eldon Street and 14 Milton Street) Alexandra 549 Carlisle Street East 1865. 1974. Mrs Bella Hodgson Alexandra Hotel 37 Furnival Road, S3, 11-13 Furnival Road 1871. George Ward Alhambra Palace Vaults/Phoenix 1-17 Union Street 1871. Samuel Sweeney (Royal Alhambra) Alma/Fat Cat 23 Alma Street 1856. Still open Walter Allsop Angel 14 Button Lane or 18-22 Button Lane 105 South Street, Moor 1821. 1956. William John Church Angel 15 Angel Street 1657. 1940. Tom Harry Thompson Angel 59 Sheffield Road, Woodhouse 1865. Still open Mrs Elizabeth Staniforth Angel 87 Westbar Green 1820. John T Smith (100 West Bar & 3 Corporation Street) Angel Inn 151 Main Street, Grenoside 1865. Still open John Oldfield Anvil 106 Stannington Road, Malin Bridge 1825. Still open John Turner Anvil 152 South Street, Moor 1820. Duncan Gilmour & Co (164 South Street, Moor) Anvil 24 Waingate 1822. 1926. William Beaver Arundel Arms 1 The Common, Ecclesfield 1881. John Mycock Arundel Castle 257 Arundel Street; 225 Arundel Street 1833. 1926. Mrs Elizabeth Smith Atlas 274 Savile Street 1860. 1925. William Nowlan
  2. RichardB

    Lost In A World Of Pub Updates

    Newly discovered Sheffield Trade Directory (1850) Miggins Directory of Sheffield Boozers with known, named keepers. This is NOT all Sheffield Pubs in 1850, just those with a named Publican/Victualler/Landlord-Lady Albion 2-4 Earsham Street, S4 1948. Joseph Charlesworth Albion 35 Johnson Street 1839. Joseph Hobson Albion Hotel 75 London Road, S2 1833. John Roberts Anchor 233 Solly Street 1833. Paul Parnell Angel 14 Button Lane or 18-22 Button Lane 105 South Street, Moor 1821. William Tomlinson Angel 15 Angel Street 1657. Frederick Wilkinson Angel 87 Westbar Green 1820. L Ibbotson Anvil 152 South Street, Moor 1820. Thomas Goodwin Army Hotel/Army Stores/Clifton/Anvil 45 Hillfoot/281 Penistone Road 1845. Henry Short Arundel Castle 257 Arundel Street 1833. Martha Knight Ball 17 Scotland Street (Grindle gate) 1797. William Tarlington Ball 27 Spring Street 1797. George Pinder Ball 50 Lambert Street 1796. John Wragg Ball 20 Hawley Croft 1780. Thomas Hartshorn Ball Inn 44 Broad Lane 1820. Francis Townsend Ball Inn 84 Green Lane 1820. James Eyre Barleycorn 38 Coal Pit Lane 1795. Samuel Wilson Barrel/Old Barrel 31 Edward Street (Scotland Street) 1786. Henry Marshall Barrel/Old Barrel 75 Pea Croft 1822. Joseph Wallis Barrel/Old Barrel Little Pond Street 1821. Richard Humphreys (Little Pond Street) Basin Tavern 36 Blast Lane 1852. William Hartley Bath Hotel 139 Broomhall Street 1849. Isaac Fretwell Bay Childers/Bay Horse/Horse and Cat/Queen Victoria/Westminster 8 High Street 1774. John Walker Bay Horse 40 South Street, Moor 1822. Richard Anthony Bay Horse 463 Pitsmoor Road, S3 (293 Pitsmoor Road) 1822. John Wright Bazaar 116 South Street, Moor 1828. Joseph Birks Beehive/B-Hive/Rockwells/Foundry & Firkin/Bar S1 240 West Street/Glossop Road 1825. Elizabeth Wild Ben Lomond/City Arms 23 Eyre Street 1833. Benjamin Martin Big Tree/Mason's Arms 842 Chesterfield Road, S8 1825 Ann Seddon Black Bull/Bull/Old Black Bull 74 Hollis Croft 1820. John Waddington Black Horse 64 Howard Street 1822. Joshua Hinchcliff Black Horse/Old Black Horse 180 Upper Allen Street 1822. John Crofts Black Rock and Wine and Spirit Merchant 17 Castle Street 1797. John Fordham Black Swan 1 Little Pond Street (also 15 or 60) 1820. John Staniforth Black Swan 29 Snig Hill 1854. Joseph Outram (died 28th Mar 1851) Black Swan 3 Fargate/5 Black Swan Walk 1797. Joseph Butterworth Bloomsberry/Bloomsbury 37 Albion Street, Crooksmoor/Oxford Street 1838. George Oddy Blue Ball 25 Pye Bank 1822. Samuel Law Blue Ball Crookes, S10 1822. Joseph Skelton Blue Ball/Old Blue Ball 67 Broad Street, Park, S2 1822. Mary Skelton Blue Bell 13 Jehu Lane/4 Commercial Street in 1871 1820. Thomas Colley (4 Commercial Street) Blue Boar 26 West Bar 1774. Ann Woollen Blue Pig/Oxford 22 Workhouse Lane/Spring Street 1833. Joseph Ellis Boot and Shoe/Boot and Slipper 52 Pinstone Street 1820. Robert Daff Bridge 2 Pond Street 1846. John Shaw (Boardman's Bridge, 2 Pond Street) Bridge Inn 219 Pond Street 1796. John Shaw Brown Bear 109 Norfolk Street 1820. Martha Wild Brown Cow/Old Brown Cow 1 Radford Street 1820. Thomas Fearn Bull's Head 2 Duke Street 1820. John Landers Castle Inn 46 Snighill/Water Lane 1820. Melling Woodcock Chequers or Old Cow (Beerhouse) 64 Coal Pit Lane 1820. Thomas Barker Chequers/Checquers 19 Rough Bank, Park (Rough Lane, Park in 1834) 1825. Joseph Marples Chequers/Checquers/Old Chequers 4 Meadow Street 1820. John Gordon Cherry Tree/Old Cherry Tree 37 Gibralter Street 1820. George Trickett Chester Castle 62 Eldon Street 1849. Richard Anderson Clock Maker's Arms/Dog and Partridge 122 West Bar 1833. Robert Barnes Cock 59 Hollis Croft 1780. John Mucklow Cock Inn/Old Cock 11 Paradise Square 1820. Thomas McQuhae Commercial Inn 24 Haymarket c1800 John Barnett Compass Inn/Earl Grey's Compass 28 Orchard Street 1833. James Richmond Cricket Ball Inn 2 Savile Street East/46 Sutherland Street 1849. Matthew Needham Cross Daggers 52 West Bar Green 1797. Mary Maddock Crown and Anchor 18 Stanley Street 1830. William Mallinson Crown and Cushion/Old Crown and Cushion 21 Old Street, Park 1820. Hubert Urton Crown Inn 23 Blue Boy Street 1835. James Cooper Crown Inn/Old Crown 13 Duke Street, Park 1820. Ann Rowley Cup (aka Gardeners Rest) 17 Dun Street 1845. John Machon Cutler's Arms 7 New Church Street 1822. Ann Mellor Devonshire Arms 23 South Street, Moor 1825. John Cadman Dolphin Hotel 37 Division Street 1845. George Essex Brett Dove and Rainbow 25 Hartshead 1782. Elizabeth Drury Durham Ox 51 Exchange Street 1849. William Wells Elephant Vaults 2 Norfolk Street & Market Street 1820. George Hartley Falcon 65 Pea Croft (Solly Street) 1822. John Nuttall Farfield/Owl/Muff Inn 376 Neepsend Lane 1864. Henry Short Feathers/Old Feathers 46 High St Lane, Park 1820. John Parker Florist 119 Broad Lane 1839. David Smith Foresters Arms 14 Union Buildings, Bridge Street 1854. James Pryor Fortunes of War/Old Fortune of War (see also Turk's Head, New and Old !) 112 Scotland Street 1822. Charles Clement Farnsworth Fountain 4 Pinfold Street 1820. Elizabeth Housley Fox and Duck 174 Pye Bank 1822. John Woodcock Fox and Duck 50 Broad Lane, Sheffield North 1822. William Firth Fox and Hounds Marsh Lane, Ridgeway 1846. William Wilson George and Dragon 93 Broad Lane 1825. James Powell George and Dragon 96 West Bar 1822. George Thompson Globe/Waterloo and Globe 107 Porter Street 1820. William Underwood Golden Ball 52 Wicker 1845. Thomas Simonite Golden Ball 838 Attercliffe Road 1825. George Dawson Golden Ball/Ball 39 Forge or Shude Lane 1796. Stephen Walker Golden Lion/Old Golden Lion 3 or 5 Forge Lane 1822. Alfred Denial Grapes 11 or 13 New Church Street 1820. Samuel Mosley Grapes 80 Trippet Lane 1820. George Wild Grapes Tavern 74 Furnace Hill 1832. Thomas Elliott Green Man/Old Green Man 23 Broad Street, Park 1820. George Bartin Grey Horse 25 Stoke Street, Attercliffe 1850. William Milner Grey Horse/Blackamore Head 39 High Street 1675. Edward Marrison Greyhound 185 Gibralter Street, S3 1796. Christopher Staniland Hare and Hounds 27 Nursery Street 1820. George Ashmore Harlequin/Harlequin and Clown 26 Johnson Street 1822. ? Oglesby Hen and Chickens 3 Castle Green 1820. John Barratt Hermitage 11 London Road, Little Sheffield 1822. John Bullas Hillsborough Inn 2 Holme Lane 1845. John Wilkinson Hope and Anchor 223 Solly Street 1849. Paul Parnell Horse and Jockey 14 Sheaf Street, Park 1825. Joseph Cundy Hospital Tavern 13 Park Hill Lane 1828. James Pearson Hussar/Old Hussar 51 Scotland Street 1816. John Corbridge Kelvin Grove 227 Infirmary Road, Gatefield, S6 1833. George Frederick Bywater King's Arms 2 Haymarket 1797. John Scargill King's Head/Old King's Head 1 Change Alley 1572. Sarah Woodhead Lincoln Castle/Old Lincoln Castle 24 Brocco Street 1837. John Smith Locomotive/Odd Fellows Arms 49 Carlisle Street/Attercliffe Road 1852. Robert Stoakes London Apprentice/Old London Apprentice 1 West Bar Green 1797. John Schwarer London Apprentice/Old London Apprentice 77 Spring Street 1820. George Horsfield Meadow Street Hotel 110 Meadow Street, S3 1845. Thomas Maxfield Mermaid 6 Orchard Street 1820. William Stevenson Millhouses Hotel 951 Abbeydale Road, Millhouses, S7 1841. Joshua Hodgkinson (Beerhouse) Milton's Head 29 Lower Allen Street, S3 1825. John Morewood Morpeth Arms 108 Upper Allen Street, S3 1833. George Pallett Moseley's Arms 81-83 West Bar & Paradise Street 1849. Thomas Moseley Mulberry Tavern 2 Mulberry Street, S1 1825. John Williams (Mulberry Tree) Neepsend Tavern 114 Neepsend Lane 1833. George Aldred New Inn 183 Duke Street 1828. Issac Lowe New Inn 2 Penistone Road, S6 1822. George Goodall New Market Hotel 20 Broad Street & 1 Sheaf Street, S2 1825. Thomas Kilham Norfolk Arms 5 Norfolk Street 1825. Hannah Blake Norfolk Arms Manor 1822. David Ledger Norfolk Arms Ringinglow, Upper Hallam, S11 1845. Charles Marsden Old Blue Bell 31 High Street, S1 1710. Charles Nicholson Old Crown Inn 137 London Road or 133 or 101 Highfield 1822. Samuel Stones Old Harrow 34 Harvest Lane 1820. George Gillott Old Light Horseman 155 Penistone Road, Philadelphia 1822. Joseph Morton Old Red House/Fargate Vaults 35 Fargate 1780. James Chamberlain (Fargate Vaults) Old White Swan Brightside Bierlow 1825. John Ashmore Orange Branch 28 Hollis Croft 1820. Joseph Allen Palace Inn Bakers Hill 1833. John Ibbotson Parrot Inn 9 Button Lane/9 Moor Head 1820. Alfred Hukin Peter's Hotel 121 Lord Street 1845. Alfred Ellison Pheasant 10 Broad Street, Park 1797. Elizabeth Oldfield Plough 228 Sandygate Road, Sandygate, S10 (Goule Green, Upper Hallam) 1822. Joseph Creswick Portobello Tavern 248 Portobello Street 1849. John Barnes Prince of Wales 38 Sycamore Street 1820. William Amory Prince of Wales Banner Cross, Ecclesall, S11 1834. Albert Ellse Pump Tavern 79 South Street, Moor 1825. George Saville Queen Adelaide/Adelaide 32 Bramall Lane/1 Hermitage Street, S2 1825. Sarah Hannah Queen's Head 20 Sheaf Street, Park 1829. Samuel Staniforth Queen's Head Inn/Old Queens Head) 14 Castle Street 1797. John Hunsley Rawson's Arms 85 Tenter Street 1833. Joseph Charles Roe Red Lion 145 Duke Street, Park, S2 1820. Thomas Garratt Red Lion Lower Heeley 1822. Edwin Smith Red Lion/Old Red Lion in 1854 35 Holly Street, S1 1822. John Brewster Rein Deer 139 Devonshire Street 1841. Mary Banks Rein Deer 39 South Street, Park 1830. Joshua Blackburn Rein Deer Hawley Lane 1833. Joseph Thorpe Reuben's Head/Rubins Head 43 Burgess Street 1822. W Turton Rifle Tavern 15 Bower Street 1845. Mrs Charlotte Gregory Rising Sun 146 West Street 1849. Thomas Flather Rising Sun Little Common, Ecclesall Bierlow 1786. Thomas Ellis Robin Hood 86 Duke Street, Park, S2 1820. Elizabeth Goulder Robin Hood Inn Millhouses 1822. Eneas Brown Rock Tavern 20 Dixon Lane 1796. James Strafford Rockingham Arms 194 Rockingham Street 1825. Charles Ward Rodney Loxley 1828. William Fearn Rose and Crown 12 Waingate 1765. William Toplis Rose and Crown 21 Paternoster Row/Brown Street 1820. John Woodward Rose and Crown 9 Holly Street 1822. James Ashmore Rotherham House/Market Tavern/The Sun/ The Garden 27 Exchange Street 1797. William Bentley Royal Mail 131 West Street 1828. Esther Eyre Royal Oak 83 Pond Street 1796. John Horncastle Royal Standard 156 St Mary's Road, S2 1833. Henry Piggott Saddle/New Saddle 96 West Street 1825. Charles Binney Scarborough Arms 79 Fargate 1797. William Appleyard Shades/Shades Vaults 20 Watson's Walk 1797. George Naylor Shakespeare 146 Gibralter Street 1820. Isaac Rubbins Shrewsbury Hotel 109 South Street, Park 1830. William Shaw Sportsman 14 Bridgehouses 1822. Joshua Jarvis Sportsman 20 Coal Pit Lane 1833. John Wilson Sportsman's Inn 41 West Bar 1820. Edward Davis Sportsman's Inn Bridgehouses 1822. Joshua Jarvis St Philip's Tavern 228 St Philip's Road 1825. Richard Brinnen Stafford Arms 30 Stafford Street, S2 1854. William Morton (Beerhouse, Stafford Arms) Stag 45 Carver Street 1820. Thomas Gilley Stag Inn/Old White Hart in 1854 14 Castle Green 1841. William Dove Star Inn 181 Gibralter Street 1820. George Radley Star Inn 8 White Croft 1820. Peter Dodd Station Inn 86 Wicker 1845. George Vaughan Swan with Two Necks/Swan 28 Furnival Street 1820. John Fisher Tankard and Punchbowl 94 Broad Street 1820. Frederick Fenton Tankard/Old Tankard/Great Tankard 115 West Bar 1791. Jarvis Turner Tankard/Pipe and Tankard Little Pond Street 1820. William Emerson Thatched House Tavern 2 High Street 1849. John Barker Theatre Tavern 37 Arundel Street 1774. Ann Harwood Three Cranes 46 Queen Street 1820. Rebecca Franks Three Horseshoes Jehu Lane/Commercial Street 1845. Joseph Marples Three Stags Heads 24 Pinstone Street 1820. Thomas Oxley Three Tuns 55 Leopold Street/Orchard Street 1822. John Thompson Travellers Snig Hill 1780. Abraham Bunting Eaton (wife Sarah) Traveller's Rest 135 South Street, Moor 1846. Ann Murfin Union 12 Bridgehouses 1820. George Upton Union 2 Coalpit Lane/Cross Burgess Street 1820. Matthew Osbourne Vine Tavern 4 or 11 Hartshead 1825. John Megson Warm Hearth Stone 1 Town Head Street 1790. William Topliss Washington 79 Fitzwilliam Street 1845. John Monks Waterloo Tavern/Waterloo Turf Tavern 26 Watson's walk 1774. Paul Ashley Wellington Inn 222 Main Road, Darnall Road 1822. William Hardcastle Wellington Tavern/Duke of Wellington 21 Coal Pit Lane (Cambridge St by 1871) 1822. Elias Shirt Wharncliffe Arms/William McReady/Manchester 42 West Street 1787. Thomas Littlewood White Bear 10 High Street 1780. Lydia Binney White Hart/Old White Hart Waingate 1825. William Dove Windsor Castle 21 Silver Street 1825. George Bates Woodman 166 South St Moor 1820. John Staniland Yellow Lion 1 Coal Pit Lane 1736. John Chicken Yellow Lion 12 Haymarket 1787. Richard Baxter Yew Tree Malin Bridge 1825. Benjamin Shaw Yorkshire Man/Yorkshireman's Arms/Lion's Lair 31 Burgess Street 1796. William Hill ------------------------------------------------------------ Not bad for a beginner ... Can't wait for Ukelele Lady to return, she may just have kittens
  3. Yellow Lion Coal Pit Lane 1839 Elizabeth Shaw 1841 Alfred Newton 1859 John Chicken 1863 John Cooke [1 Cambridge St] updated to A to Z
  4. Guest

    Coal Pit Lane

    I remember reading recently but can't remember where, that one of the 19th. century Chapels or Churches built in that area had to be built on piles because of the old coal workings under the site. If I come across it again I'll remember this thread....hopefully. Edit: Found the church but it it's too far from Coal Pit lane.... "St. Judes Eldon street, erected in 1849....the site included a partially worked coal mine and the church is reared on 33 stone pillars rising from the bottom of the mine."
  5. This article first appeared in the Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society and is reproduced by kind permission of the Society EXTRACTS FROM DIARY OF A TOUR FROM LONDON TO YORKSHIRE, LANCASHIRE, CHESHIRE AND DERBYSHIRE, AUGUST 3rd-SEPTEMBER 22nd, 1798. The author is unknown, but it is gathered from the diary that the initial of his surname was "M", and that he resided at Baker Street, Portman Square, London. On this tour he was accompanied by his wife and one daughter. He had a second daughter who remained at home. Presumably about fifty years of age and rather corpulent, he was an honorary member of Manchester Literary Society and received its diploma after his return to London. The diary contains about a dozen or so sketches, but by whom they were executed, no information is forthcoming. The following are a few notes on the Sheffield extracts of the diary which was acquired by Mr. A. J. Flawkes, F.S.A., of Wigan, in 1940, who has kindly consented to the publication of local extracts therefrom. It is much in the same style as are the records by the Hon. J. Byng, who had covered some of the same ground nine years previously. Byng visited Sheffield in 1789 and was also shown some of the details of the manufacture of what to-day is known as Old Sheffield Plate, by Henry Tudor of the firm, Tudor & Leader. At that date the business was carried on where now stands Tudor Street, but every vestige of his house and factory, with, it is said, a garden stretching away down Sycamore Street, has long since disappeared. Mr. M. reached Sheffield via "Harrowgate" on Sept. 2nd, 1798. At the hotel in Harrogate, where he stayed presumably, he met Dr. Younge of Sheffield, who founded Sheffield Royal, Infirmary, and Mr. Dickson (Dixon), also of Sheffield, who no doubt persuaded Mr. M's party to include Sheffield in their itinerary. Mr. M. describes in great detail the production of plated wire, which was a feature of Mr. Dixon's activities in the silver-plating trade. He also gives a graphic description of a visit to what is now the Nunnery Colliery Co's. coal mine. This stretched away right under the Don at Attercliffe, even reaching as far as the foundations of High Street and what is now the Cathedral Church. The Angel Inn[1] at which Mr. M. and his party stayed was afterwards pulled down and succeeded by the building recently demolished, Outside on the wall was a carved figure of the Recording Angel blowing a trumpet, very beautifully executed by an Italian sculptor, Rossi. The writer possesses an old three-division gilt mirror, acquired some forty years since at a sale of interior fittings, being perhaps the only original remaining relic of this well known hostelry. Not being satisfied with his quarters at the Angel, Mr. M. removed to the Tontine Inn,[2] where previously on his visit to Sheffield, the Hon. J, Byng also put up (June 12th, 1789). This hotel, erected in 1785, was pulled down in the year 1850, the site now being occupied by the Sheffield Market Hall. Mr. M. calls attention to the very dirty, narrow streets in Sheffield; also he refers to there being only two churches, probably St. Peter's (now the Cathedral) and St. Paul's, recently pulled down. The Assembly Rooms stood at the corner of Norfolk Street and Bowling Green Lane (Arundel Street). The Sheffield plated button and hollow-ware factory he visited on September 4th would probably be that of Daniel Holy & Co., established in Mulberry Street in 1776. Mr. "Dickson" was a manufacturer of silver-plated wire, the name of the firm being Mark Dixon, Silver Plated Wire Drawer, Wicker, Sheffield. In 1785, Mr. Dixon was joined in partnership by a Mr. Wilks of Birmingham, who was a former apprentice of Matthew Boulton. This firm's activity can be traced as late as middle nineteenth century. Mark Dixon was not connected either in business or family relationship with the firm of James Dixon & Sons of Cornish Place. To whom the steel forge which the party visited belonged cannot be stated; most probably it would be situated somewhere in the neighbourhood of Neepsend. F. Bradbury SUNDAY SEPTR 2 (1798). Left Wakefield, fine morning and charming ride to Millerdam, on the left of which is the seat of Sr. Thos. Pilkington, but the grounds only are visible from the road, from Leeds to this place which is 12 miles is a paved foot path, kept in nice Order, on the right of this place is the residence of Richd. Wightman Esqr. We changed horses at Barnesly. Bad Inn, we should have gone to Bank top a single house upon the summit of a Hill, which we descended, the road sandy and exceedingly bad and heavy, leaving Worsborough on the left we passed through Chapel Town and down a terrible steep hill into Sheffield, we drove to the Angel, which was recommended to us as the best Inn in the Town, on our alighting we were shewn into a small, close, dark and disagreeable room on the ground floor, which looked into a narrow dirty street but we refused to order any thing except they would accommodate us with a better room upstairs, they then conducted us into a good room on the first floor which they promised we should occupy during our stay. We then ordered Supper, and I went to call on my friend Dr. Younge, who unluckily was gone to dine at his Country House, and Mr. Dickson not having arrived we sauntered about the town which was compleatly dirty, and strewed with Nutshells from one end to the other, as if all the inhabitants had been eating them the whole day. Shops all shut, place extremely dull and not a person to be seen of a tolerable decent appearance, return to the Inn, sally out again and go into a Church, which was so hot and crowded that we could scarce advance beyond the door, returned home, supped in ill humour, but had scarce finished when the Doctor came in, and by his enlivening conversation and sprightly sallies, soon restored our spirits, and Mr. Dickson also joining our Party the time past merrily till midnight, when our friends left us, and we betook ourselves to the pillow, in tolerable good temper. MONDAY SEPTR 3RD Morning very wet, found on quitting the Chamber that Cloth was laid for dinner in our up stairs room, and we were again thrust into a confined place below stairs with the Sun shining directly upon it, for the Navigation Meeting was to be held in the Room we occupied and this was known when they promised it to us and therefore considering it as an imposition, we ordered our bill, paid it, and left the House, our Umbrella however arrived by the Mail, to our no small gratification, for to give is one thing but to lose by carelessness and inattention is another. We went over to the Tontine Inn, - a spacious good House, rooms large and lofty and in a wide street, did not breakfast till noon, Our friends both visited us, and the Doctor conducted us to a Coal mine which we determined to see to the bottom, as it was not necessary to go down the shaft, but by a subterraneous passage, we entered it in a peculiar manner, they fastened two trucks together, such as they fill with Coals, these trucks have four low iron wheels each, which move in a groove of Iron fixed to the earth, they harnessed a Horse and placed him behind the trucks, with his head towards them not to draw us down, for the machines would have gone of themselves, but to prevent their going with too great velocity, which the steadiness of Old Ball compleatly secured, for they could proceed no faster than he chose to walk. Mrs. M. and my daughter were in the first truck and the Doctor accompanied me in the second, and thus we proceeded with each a Candle in our hand through a narrow passage cut out of the coal just wide enough to admit the trucks and of sufficient height to prevent our heads from touching the top, down a steep descent to the distance of 750 yards passing under the bed of the river, a Man preceding us with a lighted rope and a boy driving the horse and another followed behind, the narrowness of the passage, the darkness of the place, the roughness of the carriage, the noise of the wheels, the trampling of the Horse, the hoarse voices of the Men, and even the uncommon sound of our own tongues reverberating through the conecave, produced a most astonishing, a singular effect. When we arrived at the end of the pit, wealighted from our vehicles, and each of the Ladies dug a piece of Coal, which they bore away with them as a trophy, and proof of their valour and prowess. We now penetrated half double many yards farther until we reached the shaft when we found ourselves 100 yards below the surface of the earth and near half a mile from the place where we entered. During our stay here steady Ball was attached to the front carriage, and we having resumed our seats, our strong and steady Nag drew us safely from our dark and sooty cavern into the visible World again. The Men declared that our Ladies were the first he ever knew to have descended into the pit; the Boy assisted us when we came out to wash, by procuring water &c for both face and hands bespoke where we had been, and a small gratuity to the young rogue made him exclaim I wish Ladies would come everyday! At a little distance from the Mouth of this Pit, are furnaces for burning this Coal into Coke, it is kept 48 hours in these Kilns, and when it comes out and is cool it is irregular shaped, cracks and shivers to pieces, much resembling starch but in larger masses. This Coke as it is called is used in various manufactures where the Coal in its natural state cannot be applied. The Doctor now being obliged to leave us, Mr. Dickson took his place, and introduced us to a steel forge. The hammer was moved by a Water wheel, and the Operator sate on a swinging bench suspended from the ceiling, a large bar of red hot Iron is put into his hand, the end of which he puts between the Anvil; and the hammer, his seat moving forward as the bar proceeds, it is soon extended to treble its length but losing in bulk, before he parts with one, another is whipped under, so that the hammer is at no time suffered to strike Anvil, which would inevitably break the face of it, a stream of water is constantly pouring upon the axis of the hammer to prevent its taking fire; It is difficult here which to admire most, the grandeur of the mechanism, the rapid motion of the hammer or the dexterity of the Workman, but the toute ensemble was compleat. We next proceeded to Mr. Dicksons own Manufacture the plating and drawing wire, the operation of which is curious and wonderful, by means of fire they cover a cylindric piece of copper about 2 feet long and two inches diameter, with a thin plate of Silver and then draw it out by means of an horse mill, through a number of apertures gradually decreasing until they get it to the finess required which is often as small as the wires of an harpsichord. These apertures are made in a steel plate, but the most extraordinary part of this business is, that the first thin plate, which seems to bear no proportion to the thickness of the copper extends equally with it, and still covers every part, and appears like silver wire as no part of the copper is seen, altho' what was at first but two feet long is now perhaps extended to 200 yards. They rub the wire with Bees Wax and I believe mixed with grease to make it pass smoothly through the hole, and at the end of each operation, it is put into a kind of oven, with a furnace on the side, so contrived as to fill the oven like part with flame, in this it remains until it acquires a red heat, which the workman carefully attends to, it is then immediately taken out and immerged in a Tub containing water impregnated with Vitriol and when cool, it is again applied to the engine to be further extended, and so on until they have got it to the size they want, a horse accustomed to this business knows exactly when the whole of the wire has passed and stops immediately of his own accord. From hence we pursued our enquiries and entered another spacious building to see a blast forge, and luckily a few minutes before they began to tap, a term used for opening the Furnace to let out the fluid Metal. The fire in this furnace acquires its immense heat by means of two enormous bellows turned by a Water Wheel, which send forth a constant blast into the furnace that roars like the rushing of a large body of Water that has been pent up, on the opening of a flood gate. On tapping the furnace the liquid fire rushed out and following the course assigned to it, through different channels flowed into various moulds appointed to receive it, so that in less than ten minutes we saw two large Cannon, two pipes for conveying water, and several smaller articles cast. The Cannon when they come out of the mould, being all solid, we went to another part of the building to see the operation of Boring them, as it is impossible to make them true if cast hollow. Here again is another proof of the excellence of Mechanics, and the ingenuity of the Person who could apply the Mechanical powers to such great and admirable ends. The Lathe by which this boring is performed is turned by Water and the solid Metal yields to the power of the tool as readily as Soft Wood gives way to the instrument of the common Turner. Our detention in the blast forge preserved us from a heavy shower of Rain that fell while we were there but which luckily abated before we came out, we now bent our course to a flatting and slitting Mill, here again the universal excellence of Mill work, and the great utility of a Water wheel is evidently manifest. In a furnace there were a great number of bars iron about 2 feet and½ long and 2 inches broad, all perfectly red hot. A Man brought out one of these with a pair of Tongs, and applied one end between two rollers, another Man taking it in another pair of tongs as it passed through, which it did with rapidity and a treble increase of length; this Man applied the end again between two other Rollers which stood in a direct line with the first, on the other side of which it was received by another Man, cut into 7 or 8 strips & was then laid by to cool, the imperceptible manner in which this was done and the rapidity of the execution, struck us almost dumb with surprise, and we returned to our Inn to Dinner deeply impressed with the wonders we had seen. On our way back, we had an excellent view of the Town of Sheffield enveloped in smoke, for the numerous manufactories most of which are performed by immense fires, keep the town in a perpetual cloud of smoke, and the streets as if paved with the surface of a Blacksmith Shop. Sheffield has a fine stone bridge over the Don, another over the Sheaf, and two Churches. It extends about a mile from East to West and from North to South, better than a mile. There is an Hospital for poor People, called the Duke of Norfolk's Hospital which has a pretty Chapel attached to it, there are meeting-houses for Presbyterians, independents, Quakers and Methodists, and a Roman Catholic Chapel. There are also two hospitals, a charity school, a free grammar school, a Town Hall, a handsome assembly-room, and a commodious Theatre. There are between six and seven hundred Master Cutlers who employ not less than 12,000 persons in the Iron manufacture, besides the plated Button making and other trades. It has an excellent Market and accommodations for the Market people. Tuesday is market day, for Butter, Corn, Cattle, and fish. The Butchers shambles are very numerous and clean, all inclosed in a proper building and one good regulation is adopted here, which is that the Butchers are all obliged to kill their Meat in Slaughter Houses erected by the side of the river, next to which is a handsome stone wall, and on the opposite side places for holding the Live Cattle by which means the whole is removed from the view of the Town, as there is no thorough fare through the place, and the filth is immediately washed into the river, from each separate Slaughter House. TUESDAY SEPTR. 4TH. Rise early, Breakfast and visit the Metal Button Manufactory, and saw the whole process from the first plating of the Copper to the finishing of the Button, that is to say the punching out of the round piece, smoothing and then rounding the edge, fixing the shank by means of the blow pipe, punching instead of engraving the various figures upon them, inlaying with mother of Pearl, or precious stones, polishing and lastly, fixing them on cards for sale. A great part of this business is done by Women, and so expeditiously that it is wonderful how they can do it. From this manufactory we went into a Shew Warehouse for plated Goods, and saw some elegant and curious articles of exquisite Workmanship, particularly 3 Urns of a new pattern on a handsome stand. One for Tea, a 2nd for Coffee and the third and largest for the Water and so contrived that the Cock turned into either of the smaller ones at pleasure. Highly delighted with our mornings entertainment, we took leave of our friend Dr. Younge who was obliged to attend the Infirmary, and mounting into the chaise directed our Course towards Castleton, but before we had passed the Market, we discovered that one of the Horses was unable to perform the journey and we therefore made the Post boy go back and change it, during which time we were politely invited into the House of a Gentleman, who sent his servant to watch our baggage and Chaise, and with his Lady entertained us with their polite conversation. The fresh Horse being put to the Chaise, we again resumed our seats, and moved slowly on through a pleasant but hilly road for 7 miles, the prospect being chiefly Hills, and altho' varying in form were principally barren Moors, particularly one- immense hill, that scarce afforded subsistence to a few poor sheep. [1] Ebenezer Rhodes, writing in 1826, states the first stage coach in Sheffield, 1760, and first Coffee Room opened at the Angel Inn, 1765. [2] In Reminiscences of Old Sheffield it is recorded that the Tontine was built on the site of Sheffield Castle Barns in 1785, and the people were amazed at the erection of such an important hotel. Twenty horses and five post boys were always ready when the yard bell rang, and in the courtyard a carriage and pair could be easily driven round. It was said to be the finest hotel in the kingdom at that time.
  6. I can't find if this has been discussed before. Coal Pit Lane, now Cambridge Street. Presumably it was called Coal Pit Lane for a reason (although the 1771 Fairbanks plan gives the alternative Cow Pit Lane). So, where was the coal pit?
  7. Old Cow (Beerhouse) 12/64 Coal Pit Lane Open 1833 Closed by 1841? Span ~7? Comments Coalpit Lane is now Cambridge Street Earlier 1833 (White's) John Renwick, Old Cow beerhouse (64 Coalpit Lane) 1837 (White's) John Renwick, beerhouse (64 Coalpit Lane) 1839 (Robson's) Jno. Renwick, beer retailer (12 Coalpit Lane) 1841 (Census) John Renwick, cutler (Coalpit Lane)—no mention of beerhouse
  8. The updated entries (Old Cow to go with beerhouses when they take their place in the index): Chequers Inn 43/64 Coal Pit Lane/Cambridge Street Open 1821 Closed before 1901? Span Comments Coalpit Lane is now Cambridge Street Earlier 1821 Thomas Alsop 1822 Thomas Alsop (43 Coalpit Lane) 1825 Thomas Alsop (43 Coalpit Lane) 1828 (Blackwell's) Thomas Alsop, Chequers (43 Coalpit Lane) 1828–9 (Pigot's) Thomas Alsop, Chequers (43 Coalpit lane) 1833 (White's) Jane Alsop, vict. Chequers (43 Coalpit Lane; also given as #40) 1834 Jane Alsop 1837 (White's) Jane Alsop, vict. Chequers (43 Coalpit Lane) 1839 (Robson's) A. Alsop, Beer Retailer (64 Coalpit Lane) 1841 (Census) Jane Alsop, publican (Coalpit Lane) 1845 T. Beatson 1849 (White's) T. Barker, Chequers (64 Coalpit Lane) 1851 Thomas Barker 1852 (White's) Thomas Barker, vict. Chequers (64 Coalpit Lane) 1854 (Kelly's) Thomas Barker, Chequers Inn (64 Coalpit Lane) 1856 (White's) Ann Barker, vict. Chequers (64 Coalpit Lane) 1861 Ann Barker 1862 (White's) Ann Barker, vict. Chequers (64 Coalpit Lane) 1871 (White's) Ann Barker, victualler, Chequers Inn (64 Cambridge Street) 1879 (White's) Walter Powell, victualler, Chequers Inn (Cambridge Street) 1881 (Kelly's) Walter Powell, Chequers Inn (66 Cambridge Street) http://www.picturesheffield.com/cgi-bin/pi...ff.refno=s06975 Old Cow (Beerhouse) 12/64 Coal Pit Lane Open 1833 Closed by 1841? Span ~7? Comments Coalpit Lane is now Cambridge Street Earlier 1833 (White's) John Renwick, Old Cow beerhouse (64 Coalpit Lane) 1837 (White's) John Renwick, beerhouse (64 Coalpit Lane) 1839 (Robson's) Jno. Renwick, beer retailer (12 Coalpit Lane) 1841 (Census) John Renwick, cutler (Coalpit Lane)—no mention of beerhouse
  9. Looking at the Chequers or Old Cow (Beerhouse) posting, I think that these are two different places. White's 1833 directory has: Jane Alsop, vict. Chequers, 43 Coalpit Lane John Renwick, Old Cow beerhouse, 64 Coalpit Lane The 1837 directory also has: Jane Alsop, vict. Chequers, 43 Coalpit Lane John Renwick, beerhouse, 64 Coalpit Lane But then, Robson's 1839 directory has: A. Alsop, Beer Retailer, 64 Coalpit Lane Jno. Renwick, pen & pocket knife manufacturer & beer retailer, 12 Coalpit Lane It looks that Coalpit Lane was renumbered between 1837 and 1839; #43 became #64, and #64 became #12
  10. Y Yates's Carver Street Ye Old Cart and Horse 2 Wortley Road, High Green Ye Old English Samson 1 Duke Street, Park, S2 Yellow Ball Nether Hallam Yellow Lion 12 Haymarket Yellow Lion 59 Clifton Street, Attercliffe Yellow Lion Hotel High Street.Apperknowle. Unstone Yellow Lion1 Coal Pit Lane Yeomanry Hotel 32 Norfolk Street Yew Tree Inn234 Holmley Lane. Coal Aston Yew TreeLoxley New Road, Malin Bridge Yew Tree Inn 147 Hollinsend Road, Intake Yorick/The York 57 Division Street York Hotel 247 Fulwood Road / Broomhill York House 20 Nag's Head Court Yorkshire Clown 24 Paradise Square Yorkshire Cricketers 97 Pea Croft Yorkshire Grey 69 Charles Street Yorkshire Man/Yorkshireman's Arms 31 Burgess Street Yorkshireman 301 Sheffield Road, Templeborough Yorkshire Stingo 50 Division Street Young Street Tavern 162 Young Street
  11. W Wadsley Jack 65 Rural Lane, Wadsley Waggon and Horses 1 Scargill Croft Waggon and Horses 13 Arundel Street Waggon and Horses Abbeydale Road. Millhouses Wagon and Horses 236 Gleadless Road Wagon and Horses Langsett, Stocksbridge Wagon and Horses 2 Kent Road, Upper Heeley Waggon and Horses Market Place, Chapeltown Walkabout Inn Carver Street Walkley Cottage Hill Street, Walkley Wapentake Moorhead Warm Hearth Stone 1 Town Head Street Washford Arms 380 Attercliffe Road Washington 23 Washington Road Washington 79 Fitzwilliam Street & Wellington Street Waterloo Tavern 18 Pinstone Street Waterloo Tavern 3 Andrew Street Waterloo Tavern/Waterloo Turf Tavern 26 Watson's walk Waterman's Rest 1 Sussex Street Waverley Hotel Castle Street We Three Loggerheads Inn 30 Hawley Croft Weatherby Park Hill, Swallownest Weatherspoons 12-18 Cambridge Street Weatherspoons West Street Weighhouse Inn 168 Duke Street Weir Head Hotel 1 Sutherland Street Weir Head Inn 287 Attercliffe Road Weir Head Tavern 377 Penistone Road Well Run Dimple 58 Fargate Wellington 1 Henry Street, Portmahon Wellington 683 Attercliffe Common Wellington 720 Brightside Lane Wellington 15 Burgess Street Wellington 78 Macro Street Wellington 79 Fitzwilliam Street Wellington Roscoe Place Wellington Arms 90 Wellington Street Wellington Inn 124 Carlisle Road Wellington Inn 222 Main Road, Darnall Road Wellington Inn 58 Langsett Road Wellington Tavern 21 Coal Pit Lane (Cambridge St by 1863 ) Wellington Tavern Castle Folds Wentworth Arms 262 Rockingham Street & 76 Button Lane Wentworth House 18 Wentworth Street, S6 Wentworth House 78 Button Lane Wentworth House Hotel 26 Milford Street Wentworth Inn 156 Wentworth Street West End 71 West Street, Eckington West End Hotel 412 Glossop Road West Street Hotel 128 West Street West Street Vaults 112 West Street Westcourt Shades 2 Scargill Croft Westminster 40 High Street & 1 Mulberry Street Weston Park Hotel 96 Weston Street Westway 53-59 West Street Wharncliffe Arms Burncross, Chapeltown Wharncliffe Arms 101 Green Lane Wharncliffe Arms Wharncliffe Side Wharncliffe Arms/William MacCready 42 West Street Wharncliffe Hotel 127 Bevercotes Road, S5 Wharncliffe Hotel 13 King Street Wheatsheaf 11 Bridge Street Wheatsheaf 149 Harvest Lane Wheatsheaf 18 Penistone Road Wheatsheaf 2 Platt Street Wheatsheaf 21 Button Lane Wheatsheaf 46 Sims Croft Wheatsheaf 74 Bailey Lane Wheatsheaf 81 Eyre Lane Wheatsheaf Park Head, Ecclesall Whiley's Saloon Hartshead Whirlow Bridge Ecclesall Road, Parkhead Whitby Hotel 106 Addy Street/1 Arthur Street 1871 White Bear 10 High Street White Bear Stocks Hill, Ecclesfield White Hart 119 Worksop Road White Hart Inn 184 St Philip's Road S3 White Hart 32 Church Street, Eckington White Hart 62 Russell Street S3 White Hart 64 Doncaster Street S3 White Hart Church Street, Attercliffe S9 White Hart 27 Main Road .Greenhill White Hart 101 Wortley Road. High Green, Chapeltown White Hart18 Langsett Road North, Oughtibridge White Hart Waingate Weeping Willow Penistone Road White Horse 18 Effingham Street White Horse 19 Grammer Street, S6 White Horse 275 Solly Street White Horse 20-22 Copper Street White Horse 65 Malinda Street White Horse/Morning Star 76 Matilda Street White Horse 83 South Street White Horse 87 Creswick Street White Horse Gregory Row White Horse Market Place, Chapeltown White Horse Norfolk Road North White Horse Wadsley Bridge White Lion 110 Barker's Pool White Lion 12 West Bar Green White Lion 131 Dunlop Street White Lion 3 Wicker White Lion 25 Holly Street White Lion 30 Bailey Street White Lion 140 Queen Street White Lion 37 West Bar Green/37 Tenter Street White Lion 54 Woodside Lane White Lion 86 Queen Street White Lion 88 Carbrook Street, S9 White Lion 615 London Road. Lower Heeley, S2 White Lion (New) 12 Wicker White Lion 61 Division Street White Low Upper Hallam White Rose 17 Handsworth Road White Swan Chesterfield Road. Dronfield White Swan 3 Fargate White Swan 36 Charlotte Street White Swan 57 Greenhill Main Road, S8 White Swan 75 West Bar White Swan Hotel 105 Meadow Hall Road, Brightside Whitesmiths' Arms (Beerhouse) 47 Russell Street Who Can Tell 33 Botham Street Why Not? 27 Clun Street Wicker Brewery Hotel/Hole in the Wall 70 and 72 Saville Street, S4 Wicker Tilt 2 Wicker Widow's Hut 21 Meadow Street Widow's Hut 41 Sorby Street Wiley's Saloon Bar 25 Hartshead William IV Russell Street William McReady West Street Willow Tree 147 Portobello Street Wincobank 72 Newman Road, Wincobank Windsor Castle 129 Princess Street Windsor Castle 1 Silver Street Windsor Castle 50 School Croft Windsor Castle 70 Tenter Street Windsor Hotel 35-39 Southend Road, S2 Wine and Spirit Vaults 2 Market Street Wine Vaults 59-63 Scotland Street Wine Vaults Silver Head Street Wisewood Inn 539 Loxley Road, Loxley Woodburn Hotel/Woodbourn 2 Lovetot Road Woodburne Hotel 2 Worthing Road, Attercliffe Woodland Tavern 321 Langsett Road Woodman 137 Edward Street Woodman Inn 158 Woodside Lane Woodman 180 South St Moor Woodman Inn 87 Carlisle Street East Woodman's Hut 46 Garden Street Woodseats 743 Chesterfield Road, S8 Woodseats Palace 692 Chesterfield Road Woodside Tavern 126 Woodside Lane Woodthorpe Arms 102 Mansfield Road, Intake Woolpack 2â€"4 Percy Street Woolpack Flat Street Woolsack 277 Upper Allen Street Wordsworth Tavern Wordsworth Avenue Worthington Hotel South Sheffield Wortley Arms Halifax Road, Wortley Wrekin 143 Carlisle Street East Wybourn Tavern 204 Cricket Inn Road, Park Wyvern 379 Leighton Road
  12. S Saddle 96 West Street Sailte Yorkshire Beer House Green Lane Salutation 126 Attercliffe Common (Hill Top in 1871) Salutation 170 Wortley Road, High Green, Chapeltown Salutation 85 Upper St Philip's Road Salutation 85 West Street Salutation Silver Street Head Sam Hills Parlour 76-78 Wicker Sanctuary 4 St James Street Sandy Gate Sandy Gate, Upper Hallam Saracens Head 88 & 90 Grimesthorpe Road Saracens Head Ecclesfield Saw Mill Tavern 42 Sidney Street Sawmaker's Arms 1 Neepsend Lane, S3 Sawmaker's Arms 40 Burnt Tree Lane Sawyer's Arms 20 Silver Street Scale Cutters Arms (Beerhouse) 50 Westbar Green Scandals 2 Market Place, Chapeltown Scarborough Arms 104 Milton Street, S3 Scarborough Arms 13 Rockingham Street Scarborough Arms 34 Addy Street, S6 Scarborough Arms 79 Fargate Scissorsmith's Arms 114 Harvest Lane Scream 54 Howard Street Sembly Rooms 76-78 Wicker Seven Stars Shire Green Seven Stars Trippet Lane (36 Pinfold Street) Shades/Shades Vaults 20 Watson's Walk Shakespeare 106 Well Road, Heeley Shakespeare 146 Gibraltar Street Shakespeare 51 Allen Street Shakespeare Oak Street, Heeley Shakespeare Upper Heeley Shakespeare 16 Sycamore Street Shakespeare/Shakey 196 Bradfield Road, Owlerton Shamrock (beerhouse) 53 & 55 Pea Croft (Solly Street) Sharrow Head Sharrow Head Sheaf Woodseats Road Sheaf House Hotel 329 Bramhall Lane, S2 Sheaf Inn 11 Effingham Road, S4 Sheaf Tavern Cattle Market / Sheaf Street Ship / Old Ship 57 Hawley Croft Sheaf View Hotel 25 Gleadless Road, S2 Sheffield Arms 107 Upwell Street, Grimesthorpe Sheffield Arms 42 Meadow Street Sheffield House Grimesthorpe Sheffield Moor Hotel 114 South Street, Moor Sheldon Hotel 27 Hill Street Sheldon Inn 10 Edmund Street Shepherd Inn 118 Duke Street Shepley Spitfire Mickley Lane Sherwood Birley Moor Road Shiny Sheff 274-276 Crimicar Lane Ship 31 Water Lane Ship Inn 284 Shalesmoor Shiregreen Hotel 416 Sicey Avenue, S5 Shoulder of Mutton 19 Top Road, Worrall Showroom Bar and Café 7 Paternoster Row Shrewsbury Arms 74 Broad Street, Park Shrewsbury Hotel 17 Paradise Square Shrewsbury Hotel 109 South Street, Park Sicey Hotel Sicey Avenue S5 Sicey Green Hotel 416 Sicey Avenue, S5 Sidney Hotel 23 Haymarket Silver Fox 839 Unsliven Road, Stocksbridge Silversmiths' Arms 1 Lord Street Sir Admiral Lyons 176 Eyre Street Sir Francis Burdett 5 Pond Hill Sir John Falstaff 48 Wicker Sir Robert Peel 157 Carlisle Street Smithfield Hotel 31 Blonk Street,/29 Furnival Road Smithy Door Tavern 26 Hawley Croft Snow Lane Tap Snow Lane Social Tavern 38 Bailey Street Soldier's Return 42 Water Lane (8 Water Lane in 1854) Solferino Inn 130 Cemetery Road, S11 South Sea Hotel 210 Fulwood Road, Broomhill, S10 South Street Hotel 71 South Street, Moor Sovereign Inn 118 Portobello Street Sovereign Inn 70 Rockingham Street Sitwell Arms Renishaw Spirit Vaults 112 West Bar Spital Inn 24 Spital Street Spitalfields 57 Stanley Street Split Crow Spring Street Soldier's Rendezvous 41 West Bar Sportsman 125 Thomas Street Sportsman 133 Infirmary Road Sportsman Effingham Street Spirit Vaults 2 Market Street Spirit Vaults 30 Castle Street Spitalfields 57 Stanley Street Sportsman Moor Lane, Wigtwizzle, [bradfield] Split Crow Spring Street Sportsman/Sportsman's Inn 100 Walkley Bank Road Sportsman 125 Thomas Street Sportsman 155 Railway Street Sportsman 17 Cornish Street Sportsman 26 Coal Pit Lane / 24 Cambridge Street Sportsman 20 West Bar Sportsman 28 South Street, Moor Sportsman 33 Bridge Street & 17 Newhall Street Sportsman 504 Attercliffe Road Sportsman 241 Barnsley Road Sportsman 57 Benty Lane/Manchester Road, Crosspool S10 Sportsman 168 Darnall Road Sportsman Harvey Clough Road, Woodseats, Norton Sportsman 123 High Street, Ecclesfield Sportsman Main Street, Hackenthorpe Sportsman 2 Oldfield Road, Town End, Stannington Sportsman 183 Worrall Road, Wadsley, S6 Sportsman Group 851 Penistone Road Sportsman Inn 569 Redmires Road, S10 Sportsman Inn Carlton Road, Attercliffe Sportsman 8 Pea Croft Sportsman Inn Lodge Moor Sportsman's (Beerhouse) 23 Hollis Croft Sportsman's Arms Deepcar Sportsman's Cottage 74 Button Lane Sportsmans Group 5 Fargate Sportsman's Inn 10 Denby Street Sportsman's Inn 140 Arundel Street Sportsman's Inn 155 Marcus Street, S3 Sportsman's Inn 31 Maltravers Street Sportsman's Inn 33 Otley Street, S6 Sportsman's Inn 41 West Bar Sportsman's Inn 84 Sheldon Street Sportsman's Inn 14 Bridgehouses Sportsman's Inn 83 Well Road & Oak Street, Heeley, S8 Sportsman's Inn Pits moor Sportsman's Inn (Beerhouse) 4 Paternoster Row Sportsman's Rest 45 Park Hill Lane Spotted Cow 70 Russell Street Spread Eagle 19 High Street Spread Eagle 37 Addy Street Spread Eagle / Eagle Tavern 39 West Bar Green Spread Eagle 80 Wellington Street Spread Eagle 9 Fargate Spread Eagle Chapel Walk Spring Tavern 74 New George Street / Boston Street Spring Vale Hotel Spring Vale Road Springfield Tavern 182-184 Broomspring Lane Springwood Inn 67 Freedom Street, Walkley Springwood Inn Hampden View Springwood Inn Hastilar Road South, S2 St George's Tavern 35 Broad Lane St Ledgers 76 Pinstone Street St Patricks Tavern (Beerhouse) 18 Castle Green St Philip's Tavern 228 St Philip's Road St Stephen's Tavern St Stephen's Road Stadium 97 Broughton Lane, S9 Stafford Arms 30 Stafford Street, S2 Staffordshire Arms 38 Sorby Street Stag 16 Lambert Street Stag 2 2 Wilson Street & 170 Harvest Lane Stag 45 Carver Street Stag 83 Pea Croft Stag Malin Bridge Stag Wadsley Stag Inn Market Street, Woodhouse Stag Inn Pond Street Stag Inn 14 Castle Green Stag's Head / Stag Sharrow Head / 15 Psalter Lane Standard 38 West Bar Green Staniforth Arms 261 Staniforth Road Stanley Arms Langsett Road South Oughtibridge Stanley Street Tavern 24 Stanley Street Stannary Inn 2 Green Lane Star 15 Orange Street 15 1/2 Orange Street in 1871 !!!) Star 16 Silver Street Star/Old Star 26 Haymarket / 100 Haymarket Star 37 Pea Croft Star 39 Cemetery Road Star Owlerton Star /Wadsley Jack 65 Rural Lane, Wadsley Star and Garter 82 Winter Street Star Hotel 35 High Street Star Inn 11 Meadow Street Star Inn 181 Gibralter Street Star Inn 49 Danville Street, S4 Star Inn 8 White Croft Star of Brunswick 65 Cemetery Road Star of Lemont 29 Hermitage Street Star Inn 9 Charles Street Station Inn 147 Pond Street Station Inn 165 & 167 Granville Street, Park, S2 Station Inn 732 Attercliffe Road, S9 Station Hotel 95 Wicker Station InnNaseby Street, Brightside Station Inn Harmer Lane, Pond Street Station Inn 38 Furnival Road Station Inn105 Station Lane Oughtibridge Steam Clock 352 Brightside Lane Steam Inn (Beerhouse) Johnson Street Steelmelter's Tavern 107 Carver Street Steer's Hotel Haymarket Stocks 1 Stocks Hill, Ecclesfield Stone House 19 Church Street Strines / Taylor's Arms Mortimer Road. Bradfield Dale Strong Arm 1 West Bar Stumble Inn 436 Attercliffe Common, S9 Suffolk Hotel 24 Turner Street Summer Tavern Summer Street Summerfield Hotel 21â"23 Soho Street & 26 Summerfield Street, S11 Sun 110 Lansdowne Road Sun 134 West Bar Sun 78 South Street, Park, S2 Sun Inn 12 Walker Street Sun Inn Ringinglow Road Sun Tavern 27 Haymarket Sunny Bank Hotel 74 Powell Street Sunnyside Hotel 26-28 William Street, S10 Surrey Arms 176 Granvile Street Surrey Arms Inn Hollow Meadows, Stannington Surrey Hotel 86 West Bar Swan 8 Burgess Street Swan Main Road, Ridgeway Swan Hotel 2 Snig Hill Swan Tavern 74 Duke Street Swan with Two Necks 28 Furnival Street Swiss Boy (Beerhouse) Sheldon Street Sycamore Tree 21 Sycamore Street
  13. R R & R Bar 13 London Road Raby's Inn 16 Westbar Raglan Inn Arundel Street Raglan Inn Meadow Street Railway 19 Penistone Road North, Wadsley Bridge Railway 31 Wicker Railway Hotel Rotherham Road, Beighton Railway Hotel 184 Bramhall Lane, S2 Railway Hotel Blackburn Railway Hotel Brightside Railway Hotel Hazlehead Railway Inn 76 Nursery Street Railway Inn Station Road, Chapeltown Railway Tavern 46 Carlisle Street East Railway Tavern 64 Princess Street. Railway 97 Broughton Lane, S9 Ram 82 Pea Croft / 82 Solly Street Ram Hotel 100 Ecclesall Road Ram Inn 15 Kenninghall Street Ram Inn 272 Rockingham Street Ran Moor 330 Fulwood Road, Ran Moor, S10 Randall Hotel 29 Randall Street Raven 12 - 14 Fitzwilliam Street Rawson's Arms 161 Attercliffe Road Rawson's Arms 85 Tenter Street Red Deer 1 8 Pitt Street, S1 Red Grouse Spink Hall Lane, Red Hill Tavern 33 Red Hill S3 Red House 168 Solly Street S3 Red House Lee Croft Red Lion 103 Eyre Street Red Lion 109 Charles Street, S1 Red Lion 145 Duke Street, Park, S2 Red Lion Tinsley Red Lion 15 Smithfield Red Lion 18 Johnson Street Red Lion 202 Shalesmoor Red Lion 32 Union Lane Red Lion 39 Hartshead Red Lion 51 Lambert Street Red Lion 52 Coal Pit Lane / 52 Cambridge Street Red Lion 653 London Road,Lower Heeley, S2 Red Lion 89 Trippet Lane Red Lion Church Street, Dronfield Red Lion Forncett Street Red Lion Gleadless Town End Red Lion Lower Heeley Red Lion off Market Place Red Lion (Beerhouse) 34 Bridgehouses Red Lion 8/25/52/61 Pye Bank Red Lion 95 Penistone Road, Grenoside Red Lion 35 Holly Street, S1 Red Lion / Old 622 Penistone Road Red Place Tavern 91 Garden Street Reflex 18 Holly Street Reform Tavern 41 Smithfields Reform Tavern 76 Coal Pit Lane Reform Tavern (Beerhouse) 12 Chapel Street Reform Tavern (Beerhouse) Green Street Reformers 39 Duke Street Rein Deer 111/139 Devonshire Street Rein Deer 39 South Street, Park Rein Deer Hawley Lane Reindeer Castle Foulds Reindeer Inn 20 Douglas Road, S3 Retford Arms 88 and 90 Harvest Lane Reuben's Head 117 South Street, Park Reuben's Head 16 Shepherd Street Reuben's Head/Ruben's Head 63 Campo Lane Reuben's Head/Rubins Head 50 Burgess Street Revolution Unit 1 The Plaza, 8 Fitzwilliam Street Richmond Hotel 443 Richmond Road Rifle Corps Hotel 137 Carlisle Street East, S4 Rifle Tavern 15 Bower Street Rifle Tavern Duke Street Rifleman's Canteen 94 Charles Street Ring of Bells 8 Pea Croft Rising Sun 11 Pear Street and 72 Pomona Street, S11 Rising Sun 127 Corby Street Rising Sun 146 West Street Rising Sun 38 Matthew Street Rising Sun 45 South Street, Park Rising Sun Nether Green . S10 Rising Sun 49 Jenkin Road, S9 Rising Sun 67 Hermitage Street, S2 Rising Sun 88 Sorby Street Rising Sun Hunshelf, Stocksbridge Rising Sun Abbey Lane. Little Common, Ecclesall S11 Rising Sun 471 Fulwood Road, Nether Green. Rivelin Stannington Rivelin HotelTofts Lane Rivelin Valley Road Rivelin View Bell Hagg Road /Bole Hill Road River Don Inn 712 Brightside Lane Riverside Café Bar 1 Mowbray Street Robert Burns Townhead Street Robin Hood 46 Ellesmere Road Robin Hood 86 Duke Street, Park, S2 Robin Hood Inn Abbeydale Road, Millhouses Robin Hood/Robin Hood & Little John Little Matlock, Stannington Robin Hood/Robin Hood & Little John 548 Attercliffe Road Rock 51 Carlisle Street East Rock House 13 Stour Lane, Wadsley, S6 Rock House 170 Rock Street Rock Inn 31 Carlisle Street East Rock Inn 2 Pye Bank / 40-42 Pitsmoor Road Rock Inn Crane Moor Rock Inn Green Moor, Rock Tavern 20 Dixon Lane Rocket Inn 106 Upper St Philip's Road Rockingham Arms 194 Rockingham Street Rockwells 240 West Street/Glossop Road Rodley Inn 97 Leadmill Road Rodney Loxley Rodney Arms Doncaster House, 33 Fargate Rodney Inn 46 Leadmill Road Roebuck 1 Charles Street (1-3 Union Lane) Roebuck/Reindeer 21 Porter Street Roller's Tavern 70 Princess Street, Attercliffe Road Roscoe Tavern 27 Henry Street Roscoe Arms 65 Hoyle Street, 40 Hoyle Street in 1854 Rose Crane Moor Rose Hill Foot Rose Inn Potter Hill, High Green Rose and Crown 12 Waingate Rose and Crown 154 High Street, Eckington Rose and Crown 21 Paternoster Row Rose and Crown 245 Main Road, Darnall, S9 Rose and Crown 31 West Bar Rose and Crown 37 High Street Rose and Crown 52 Brightmore Street, S3 Rose and Crown 52 Sarah Street Rose and Crown 65 Queen Street Rose and Crown 8 Smithfield Rose and Crown 9 Holly Street Rose and Crown15 Bankfield Lane, Stannington Rose and Crown Common Side, Wadsley Rose and Crown Trafalgar Street S1 Rose and Crown High Street Rose and Crown Market Place Rose and Crown Old Street, Park Rose and Crown Silver Head Street Rose and Crown 21 Stour Lane, Wadsley, S6 Rose and Crown (Beerhouse) 15 New Street , West Bar Rose and Crown (Beerhouse) 17 Scargill Croft Rose and Crown (Beerhouse) Andrew Street Rose Cottage 70 Cricket Inn Road, S2 Rose House 316 South Road, Walkley, S6 Rose Inn 41 Work House Croft Rose Inn 627 Penistone Road Rose Tavern 39 Little Pond Street Rotherham House 27 Exchange Street Rover's Rest 104 Allen Street Rover's Rest 51 Gower Street Royal 1 Exchange Street Royal 2 Arthur Street Royal 2 Bradfield Road. Hillsborough Royal 233 Langsett Road Royal 65 Earl Street Royal 86 West Street Royal Dungworth, Stannington Royal 2 Station Road,Southgate, Eckington Royal Oak Totley Royal Albion Hammond Street/Finlay Street Royal Exchange 283 Langsett Road Royal Exchange 64 Garden Street Royal George 167 Greystock Street Royal George 498 Brightside Lane Royal George 60 Carver Street Royal George 60 West Bar Royal George 94 Cricket Inn Road Royal Hotel 10 Market Square, Woodhouse Royal Hotel 106 Eyre Lane & 65 Earl Street Royal Hotel 114 Walkley Street, S6 Royal Hotel 4 Waingate / 24 Old Haymarket Royal Hotel 617 Attercliffe Common Royal Hotel Beerhouse, Carbrook Royal Oak lnn Bernard Street. S2 Royal Hotel 1 Abbeydale Road / London Rd Royal Hotel Southgate, Eckington Royal Hotel Tap 6 Waingate Royal Lancer 66 Penistone Road; 18 Penistone Road in 1854 Royal Mail 131 West Street Royal Oak 109 Corby Street Royal Oak 11 Hollis Croft Royal Oak 89-91 Allen Street Royal Oak 17 Cemetery Road, S11 Royal Oak 23 Walkley Road, S6 Royal Oak 250 Savile Street, S4 Royal Oak 29 King Street & 15 Watson Walk, Market Place Royal Oak 354 Mansfield Road, Intake Royal Oak 44 High Street, Beighton Royal Oak 44 West Bar Green Royal Oak 484 Attercliffe Road Royal Oak 53 High Street, Mosbrough Royal Oak 6 Pear Street Royal Oak 60 Earsham Street Royal Oak 64 Garden Street Royal Oak 83 Pond Street Royal Oak 136 Lansdowne Road Royal Oak 12 Lancaster Street, Neepsend Royal Oak 91 Thomas Street Royal Oak Blackburn Royal Oak Broad Lane Royal Oak Chapeltown Royal Oak Deepcar Royal Oak Eckington Road, Coal Aston Royal Oak Hollin's End, Gleadless Royal Oak Hotel 10 Station Road, Chapeltown Royal Standard 156 St Mary's Road, S2 Royal Standard 38 West Bar Green Royd's Inn 213 Attercliffe Road Russell Tavern (Beerhouse) Ecclesall New Road Rutland Arms 86 Brown Street Rutland Hotel 80 Neepsend Lane & 3 Rutland Road
  14. O Odd Fellow's Arms 19 Cross Burgess Street Odd Fellow's Arms 202 Duke Street, Park Odd Fellow's Arms 25 Silver Street Odd Fellow's Arms 38 Pitt Street Odd Fellow's Arms (Beerhouse) 26 Furnace Hill Odd Fellow's Rest 53 West Street Odd Fellow's Rest 94 Button Lane Office 117 Upperthorpe Road, S6 Old Albion 103 Hill Street, S2 Old Albion 242-244 Hanover Street, S3 Old Albion 2 Marshall Street /39 Fowler Street Old Ball 8 Grindlegate Old Ball 2 Green Lane Old Ball 31 Duke Street, Park Old Barrel 103 Pond Street Old Barrel 31 Edward Street (Scotland Street) Old Barrel 75 Pea Croft Old Bay Horse 53 /27 West Bar Green Old Ball 86 Carver Street Old Bird in Hand 28 Spring Street Old Black Boy 29 Bailey Lane Old Black Horse 180 Upper Allen Street Old Black Horse Scotland Street Old Blue Ball 67 Broad Street, Park, S2 Old Blue Ball Bradfield Road, Owlerton Old Blue Bell 31 High Street, S1 Old Blue Bell 44 High Street Old Boy's Rest 51 Hermitage Street Old Bradley Well/Terminus Tavern 150 Main Road, Darnall Old Brewery Tap Broad Street Old Brown Cow 1 Radford Street Old Brown Cow 56 Wicker Old Brown Cow 27 Trippet Lane Old Cart and Horses 2 Wortley Road, Mortomley, High Green Old Chequers 4 Meadow Street Old Chequers 68 Weigh Lane Old Cherry Tree 186 Gibraltar Street Old Cock 11 Paradise Square Old Cottage Bole Hill Road, Walkley Old Cow (Beerhouse) 12/64 Coal Pit Lane Old Cricket Ground Inn 371 Darnall Road, Darnall Old Cricket Players 69 Coal Pit Lane Old Cross Scythes Totley Old Crown 21 Blackburn Road, Brightside Old Crown 8/13 Duke Street, Park Old Crown 343 Handsworth Road, S9 Old Crown/Old Crown Inn 133/137 London Road/Little Sheffield/Highfield Old Crown 710 Penistone Road Old Crown 21 Pinstone Street Old Crown 35 Scotland Street Old Cup 4 Market Street Old Cutlers' Arms 38 Fargate Old English Gentleman 34 Shude Hill Old Falcon 69 Coal Pit Lane Old Feathers 48/55/65/70 High Street, Park/46 Bard Street, Park Old Five Alls 168 Infirmary Road Old Fortune of War 62/102/112 Scotland Street Old Gate 10 Hollis Croft Old George 6 Bank Street Old George and Dragon 17 Bank Street Old Golden Ball John Watts 3 Lambert Street Old Green Dragon 469 Attercliffe Road Old Green Dragon 89 Carlton Street , Attercliffe S9 Old Green Dragon 42 Fargate Old Grindstone 1-3 Crookes, S10 Old Haigh Tree 192 Bernard Street, Park Old Half Moon Inn 64 Allen Street S3 Old Harrow 80 Broad Street, Park S2 Old Harrow 34 Harvest Lane S3 Old Harrow Main Street, Grenoside Old Harrow White Lane, Gleadless Old Heavygate Wharncliffe Road or 114 Matlock Road, S6 Old Horns Inn Towngate, High Bradfield Old House at Home 33 Water Lane Old House at Home 34 Radford Street Old House at Home 42 Bailey Lane Old Hussar 51 Scotland Street Old King John 35 Attercliffe Road Old Light Horseman 155 Penistone Road, Philadelphia Old Lincoln Castle 8/26/30 Brocco Street Old London Apprentice 1 West Bar Green Old London Apprentice 77 Spring Street Old London Mart Market Street Old Market Inn Snig Hill Old Mill Dam 29 Britain Street Old Mill Tavern 4 New George Street/Boston Street Old Monk 103â"107 Norfolk Street Old Number Twelve Old Haymarket Old Oak Tree 13 Silver Street Old Original Grindstone 22 and 24 Crookes, S10 Old Park Gate 41 Bard Street Old Queen's Head 18 Castle Street Old Queens Head 40 Pond Hill, S1 Old Raven 61 West Street Old Red House 35 Fargate Old Red Lion 95 Penistone Road. Old Red Lion 35 Holly Street, S1 Old Red Lion 622 Penistone Road Old Stair 16 Lambert Street Old Red Lion Main Street Grenoside Old Star Gibraltar Street Old Star Inn 26 Haymarket / 100 Haymarket Old Tankard 17 West Bar Green Old Tankard 115 West Bar Old Three Pigeons 117 Carver Street Old Turk's Head 108 Scotland Street New Turk's Head 118 Scotland Street Old Wagon and Horses 2 Kent Road, Upper Heeley Old Weeping Willow Penistone Road Old White Hart 14 Castle Green Old White Hart 7 Waingate Old White Lion 3 Wicker Old White Swan Brightside Bierlow Olive Bar 57 Division Street Olive Grove 26 East Road, S2 Omnibus 766 Attercliffe Road, S9 O'Neill's Irish Bar 247-249 Fulwood Road, Broomhill Original Blue Boy 41 Shepherd Street, Moorfields Orange Branch 28 Hollis Croft Orange Branch and Ball 64 Wicker Orange Tree Tavern 7 Orange Street Original Grindstone 24 Crookes Original John Bull 6 Division Street Osborne House 35 Hartshead Ostrich Inn 39 Mitchell Street Owl 51 Penistone Road Owl Norfolk Street Owl 376 Neepsend Lane Oxford Blue 15 Burgess Street Oxford Hotel 83 South Street, Park Oxford House 131 Moore Street Oxford 22 Workhouse Lane/Spring Street
  15. N Nag's Head 325 Shalesmoor, S3 Nag's Head Holdworth, Loxley Nag's Head Haymarket Nag's Head Sheffield Road, Dronfield Nag's Head (Beerhouse) Attercliffe Nailmakers' Arms Backmoor Road, S8 Napier Hotel 28 Lord Street Napier Hotel 95 Napier Street, S11 Napoleon 85 Carver Street Napoleon Tavern 34 Green Lane Navigation House 9 Castle Hill Neepsend Tavern 144 Neepsend Lane Nell's Bar 53 Coal Pit Lane, S1 Nelson 34 Union Street, S1 Nelson 78 Trippet Lane Nelson Inn 13 New St, Nelson Inn 8 Pea Croft Nelson/Nelson Rock Bar Moorhead Neptune Inn 22 Corn Exchange / New Hay Market New Anvil 114 Duke Street, Park New Ball Inn 56 Upper Oborne Street New Barrack Tavern 601 Penistone Road Newhall Tavern17 Newhall Street & Bridge Street New Bridge Corporation Street New Bridge Inn 4 Penistone Road North, Wadsley Bridge New Britannia 72 Rockingham Street New Brunswick84- 86 Allen Street New Bull & Oak 26 Furnival Road, New Crown Inn 343 Handsworth Road, S9 New Gas Tavern 5 Sussex Street New Inn 24-26 Vine Road, Darnall S9 New Inn 10 Montfort Street S3 New Inn 108 Ecclesall Road New Inn 183 Duke Street New Inn 2 Bellefield Lane New Inn 2 Effingham Road New Inn 2 Penistone Road /Shalesmoor S3 New Inn 211 Carbrook Street New Inn 23 Maltravers Street New Inn 282 Hollinsend Road New Inn 378 Brightside Lane New Inn 48 Bernard Street, Park New Inn 94 Harvest Lane New Inn Bracken Hill, Chapeltown New Inn Hemsworth Road, S8 New Inn aka Betsy's Sheffield Road, Hackenthorpe New Inn Victoria Road New Inn 4 Penistone Road North, Wadsley Bridge New Inn (Beerhouse) Stocksbridge New Inn 119 Saville Street New Market Hotel 20 Broad Street & 1 Sheaf Street, S2 New Market House New Street New Market Inn 13 Exchange Street/Castle Folds New Market Inn 28 Furnival Road New Music Hall Tavern 116 Barkers Pool, New Norfolk Inn Manchester Road, Hollow Meadows New Red House 25 Dunfields New Shades 32 Hartshead New Star Hotel & Music Hall 2 Spring Street & 1 Coulston Street New Tankard 41 Sims Croft New White Lion 23 Wicker, S3 New White Lion 61 Division Street Newbury Tavern Sussex Street Newcastle Arms 35 Newcastle Street Newcastle House 27 Castlefields Newfield 141 Denmark Road Newhall Gardens / Tavern Brightside Lane / Sanderson Street Nimrod 164 Portobello Street Noah's Ark 140 Tudor Street Noah's Ark 197 Mansfield Road, Intake Noah's Ark 94 Crookes, S10 Noah's Ark Four Lane Ends, Handsworth Noah's Ark Hollins End, Gleadless Noose and Gibbet 97 Broughton Lane, S9 Norfolk Hotel 224 South Street, Park, S2 Norfolk Hotel 225 Handsworth Rd, S9 Norfolk Vaults Sims Croft Norfolk Arms 1 St Mary's Road, S1 Norfolk Arms 159 Upperthorpe Road Norfolk Arms 18 Sands Paviours,5 Bow Street Norfolk Arms 2 Suffolk Road Norfolk Arms 26 Dixon Lane Norfolk Arms 39 Shepherd Street Norfolk Arms 5 Norfolk Street Norfolk Arms 56 Savile Street East Norfolk Arms 58 Tenter Street Norfolk Arms 73 Fargate Norfolk Arms 85 Clarence Street Norfolk Arms 91 Granville Street, Park Norfolk Arms Grenoside Norfolk Arms Hollow Meadows, Stannington Norfolk Arms King Street Norfolk Arms Manor Norfolk Arms Pinstone Street Norfolk Arms Pudding Lane Norfolk Arms Ringinglow, Upper Hallam, S11 Norfolk Arms Rivelin, Stannington Norfolk Arms Tinsley Road Norfolk Arms White Lane Top, Chapeltown Norfolk Arms 208 Savile Street East, S4 Norfolk Arms 160 Attercliffe Road Norfolk Arms 195 Carlisle Street Norfolk Hotel 64 Mowbray Street Norfolk Hotel 98 Barkers Pool Norfolk Hotel Shrewsbury Road Norfolk House 38 Furnival Road Norfolk Hotel 224 South Street, Park Norfolk Vaults 28 Dixon Lane Norfolk Vaults 74 Townhead Street Normanton 123 Grimesthorpe Road, S4 Normanton Springs Inn Normanton Spring, Woodhouse North Pole Inn 62 Sussex Street, S4 Norton Hotel Meadow Head, S8 Nottingham Castle 72 Edward Street Nottingham House 161 Whitham Road, S10 Nottingham House 19-23 Watery Lane, S3 Nottingham House Hotel 31-33 Bridge Street Number One 1 Duke Street Number One 49 Silver Street Number Two 63 Silver Street Head Nursery Tavern 276 Ecclesall Road, S11 Nursery Tavern 8 Johnson Street/Stanley Street
  16. D Daggers Inn Market Place Dallas Bar Fowler Street, Wincobank Dam House Bar & Restaurant Mushroom Lane Daniel's Rest 29 Cliff Street Danville Hotel 1 Danville Street S4 David and Goliath 111 Devonshire Street Deep End Langsett Road Deerstalker Deer Park Road, Stannington Dempsey's 1 Hereford Street Denison Arms 33 Watery Street Derby Hotel 10 Lansdowne Road Derby 53 Egerton Street Derby Hotel 25 Lawson Street, S3 Devonshire Arms 118 Ecclesall Road, S11 Devonshire Arms 23 South Street, Moor Devonshire Arms 405 Herries Road Devonshire Arms 51 Eldon Street Devonshire Arms Division Street Devonshire Arms High Street, Dore Devonshire Cat Ltd Devonshire Courtyard, 49 Wellington Street Dickens/Le Metro 35 Carver Street DNR 25-29 Arundel Gate Dog and Gun 102 Button Lane Dog and Gun 108 Carver Street Dog and Gun 122 Trafalgar Street Dog and Gun 18 Headford Street, S3 Dog and Gun Nethershire, Shiregreen Dog and Gun Stephen Hill Dog and Partridge 122 West Bar, S3 Druids Inn Attercliffe Dog and Partridge 56 Trippet Lane Dog and Partridge/Goodfellas Gentlemans' Club 575 Attercliffe Road Dog and Partridge 53 Coal Pit Lane, S1 Dolphin 34 Adsett Street Dolphin Edward Street Dolphin Hotel 37 Division Street Dolphin Inn New Grimesthorpe Domino Egerton Street Don House Infirmary Road Don Inn 67 Penistone Road Dore Junction Abbeydale Road North Dore Moor Inn Hathersage Road, Dore Douglas Inn 209-211 Douglas Road, S3 Dove and Rainbow 172 Portobello Street Dove and Rainbow 25 Hartshead Dragon Inn 135 Infirmary Road, S6 Dragon Inn 67 Penistone Road Druid Tavern 37 Bailey Street Duke Inn 7 Duke Street Duke of Clarence 15 Radford Row Duke of York 135 Main Road, Darnall Duke of York 35 Market Street, Eckington Dunlop Inn Dunlop Street, S9 Durham Ox 15 Cricket Inn Road Durham Ox 51 Exchange Street Dusty Miller 24 Nursery Street Dusty Miller 69 Carlisle Street
  17. C Cambridge Arms 1 Coal Pit Lane Caravan Tavern Little Sheffield Cambridge Hotel 452 Penistone Road Canine Inn 34 Lambert Street Canning Tavern 2 Bower Street Cannon 8 Scotland Street Cannon Spirit Vaults/Castle Wine Vaults 30 Castle Street Canteen Barracks Canterbury Hall Hotel 19 Pinfold Street Canterbury Hotel 29 Egerton Street Carbrook Hall 537 Attercliffe Common Cardigan Tavern 47 Ball Street Carlisle Street Hotel 5 Carlisle Street East Carlisle Tavern 67 Carlisle Road Carlton 17 Corporation Street Carlton 563 Attercliffe Road Carlton High Street Carpenter's Arms 19 Hereford Street Carter's Rest 123 Matilda Street Carwood 8 Carlisle Street East, S4 Cask and Cutler 1 Henry Street Castle Inn 46 Snighill Castle Inn Bolsterstone Castle Inn Castle Row, Twentywell Road, Bradway Castle Inn Dykes Hall Road Castle Tavern 1 Broad Lane Catherine Arms 29-31 Catherine Street Cavells 44 High Street Cavendish 220-238 West Street Ceylon Hotel 16 Wellington Street Chacha's 32 Bowden Street Chandler's Arms Bullstake, Later Haymarket Chandos/Salutation 217 Rockingham Street Chantrey Arms 11 Bramall Lane Chantrey Arms 733-735 Chesterfield Road Charlotte Tavern 23 Charlotte Street Checquers 11 Hartshead Corporation Vaults Orchard Street Chequers Inn Dronfield Lane, Coal Aston Chequers or Old Cow (Beerhouse) 64 Coal Pit Lane Chequers/Checquers 19 Rough Bank, Park / Weigh Lane Chequers/Checquers 61 Wicker Chequers/Checquers 4 Meadow Street Castle Tap 3 Water Lane Cherry Tree 37 Gibralter Street Cherry Tree Bowling Green Cherrytree Hill Chester Castle 62 Eldon Street City Arms 23 Eyre Street Clarence Hotel 1 Paradise Square Clarence Hotel 109 Clarence Street Clarence Hotel/Midland Railway Hotel 133 Pond Street Clarence/Blue Bell/Norfolk Arms 56 High Street Clarendon Hotel 1 Paradise Street Claywood Tavern (Beerhouse) South Street, Park Cleakham Inn Cornish Place Clifton 79 Clifton Street Casting Pot 33 Hartshead Clifton/formerly Army Stores 45 Hillfoot/281 Penistone Road Clock 41 Porter Street Clock Maker's Arms 122 West Bar Closed Shop 52-54 Commonside Clown and Monkey Paradise Square Club 160 160 Attercliffe Road Club 197 197 Brook Hill Club Gardens Inn 60 Lansdowne Road, S11 Club Mill 20 Smithfield Club Xes 195 Carlisle Street Coach and Horses/Barrel 756 Attercliffe Road Coach and Horses 147 Carlisle Street East Coach and Horses 156 Gibralter Street Coach and Horses 16 Waingate Coach and Horses 37 Water Lane Coach and Horses 756 Attercliffe Road Cordwainer's Arms Arundel Lane S1 Coach and Horses Rotherham Road, Eckington Coach and Horses Sheffield Road, Dronfield Coach and Horses 13 Station Road, Chapeltown Coach and Horses Stocksbridge Coach and Six Haymarket Coach Makers' Arms 43 South Street Cobden View Hotel 40 Cobden View Road, S10 Commercial 23-25 West Bar Cock 5 Bridge Hill, Oughtibridge Cock 59 Hollis Croft Cock 76 Broad Street Cock Castle Hill Cock High Street Cock Wicker (67 Wicker in 1834) Cock and Bottle 46 Hawley Croft Cock and Bottle Hawley Croft Cock Inn 11 Paradise Square Cocked Hat 75 Worksop Road Collier's Arms (Beerhouse) 37 Duke Street Columbia Tavern 10 Fornham Street, S2 Commercial 107 & 109 Station Road, Chapeltown Commercial 3 Sheffield Road, S9 Commercial 35 High Street Commercial 4-6 Bank Street Commercial Hotel/Inn 34 Button Lane & 123 Carver Street Commercial Inn 24 Haymarket Commercial Tap 3 Commercial Street Common Room 127�129 Devonshire Street Comet 26 Broad Lane Compleat Angler 1 Snig Hill/29 Snig Hill Consort 215 Eyre Street Coopers' Hotel Brightside Lane Corner Pin 14 Wicker & 84 Blonk Street Corner Pin 23 Burlington Street Corner Pin 231 Carlisle Street East, S4 Corner Pin 80 Allen Street Cornerhouse 28 Cambridge Street Cornish Inn 56 Cornish Street Corn Mill Inn 20 Smithfield Corporation Arms 24 West Bar Green Corporation Innl 37 Corporation Street, S3 Cossack 45 Howard Street Cottage Bole Hill Road, Walkley Corporaton Vaults Orchard Street S1 Crabtree 121 Scotland Street Crabtree Vaults 74 Langsett Road Cremorne 155 London Road Cricketers House 35 Hartshead S1 Cricket Ball Inn 2 Savile Street East/46 Sutherland Road Cricket House / Ground 289 Darnall Road, Darnall Cricket Inn 20 Cricket Inn Road, Park, S2 Cricket Inn/Cricketer's Penney Lane, Totley Bents, Totley Cricketer's Arms 106 Bramall Lane Cricketer's Inn 37 Arley Street Cricketer's Tavern Hyde Park Crimea Tavern 63 Earl Street Cromwell's Varieties 100 West Bar, S3 Cromwell View Hotel 80 Spital Street Crooked Billet 62 Scotland Street Crooked Billet Claywd, Shrewsbury Road Crooked Billet Crooked Billet Yard, off High Street Cross Daggers 14 Market Square, Woodhouse Cross Daggers 52 West Bar Green Cross Daggers Cross Daggers Yard, High Street Cross Daggers Cross Lane, Coal Aston Cross Daggers / Cross Low Bradfield Cross Guns (Great Gun) 115 Franklin Street Cross Guns (Great Gun) 122 Sharrow Lane Cross Keys 4 Shude Hill Cross Keys 400 Handsworth Road, Handsworth Woodhouse Cross Keys 16 Cross Burgess Street Cross Keys 9 Bower Street Cross Keys 91 Peacroft Cross Scythes 147 Derbyshire Lane, Meersbrook Cross Scythes Baslow Road, Totley Rise Cross Scythes Four Lane Ends, Norton Crossfield Tavern Thorncliffe, Chapeltown Crosspool Tavern468 Manchester Road, Crosspool Cross Daggers Market Place S1 Crown 116 Neepsend Lane Crown 2 Albert Road Crown 2 Walkley Bank Road Crown 21 Meadow Hall Road Crown 29 - 33 Holly Street Crown Inn 41 Carlisle Road Crown 52 Silver Street Head Crown/Crown & Cushion 54 Campo Lane Crown / Crown & Cushion 6 West Bar Green Crown Beighton Crown/ Old Crown Handsworth, Woodhouse Crown Hillfoot Road, Totley Crown 133/137 London Road/Little Sheffield/Highfield Crown and Anchor 228 Solly Street Crown and Anchor 14 Button Lane or 18-22 Button Lane Crown and Anchor 218 Fitzwilliam Street / Bright Street Crown and Anchor 18 Stanley Street Crown and Blacksmith Owlerton Crown and Cushion 23 Broad Lane Crown and Cushion Eckington Crown and Cushion 9 Tudor Street Crown and Cushion Burn Cross, Chapeltown Crown and Cushion 76-78 Wicker Crown and Cushion/Old Crown and Cushion 21 Old Street, Park Crown and Daggers Westbar Green Crown and Glove 96 Upper Gate, Stannington Crown and Shakespeare 16 Sycamore Street Crown and Thistle Irish Cross (bottom of Snig Hill) Crown Hotel 137 High Street, Mosbrough Crown Inn 107 Corby Street Crown Inn 23 Blue Boy Street Crown Inn 24 Wicker Crown Inn 43 Summerfield Street, S11 Crown Inn 52 Harvest Lane Crown Inn 53 Bessemer Road, S9 Crown Inn 53 Bressingham Road Crown Inn 87 Forncett Street, S4 Crown Inn Campo Lane Crown Inn Carbrook Crown Inn High Green Crown Inn 1 High Street Crown Inn Lee Croft Crown Inn 710 Penistone Road, Owlerton Crown Inn Polka Street / Oborne Street . Bridgehouses Crown Inn Victoria Road, Heeley Crown Inn 13 Duke Street, Park Crown Inn 21 Blackburn Road, Brightside Crown Inn 21 Pinstone Street Crown 35 Scotland Street Crystal Palace 52 Townhead Street Crystal Palace Thurlstone Crystal Wine Vaults (Beerhouse) 50 High Street Cumberland Head 35 High Street, Beighton Cup 112 Sorby Street Cup 19 Paternoster Row Cup 4 Market Street Cup 52 Button Lane Cup Campo Lane Cup 17 Dun Street Cup Inn 120 Duke Street Cuthbert Arms 296 Langsett Road, S6 Cuthbert Bank Hotel 164 Langsett Road, S6 Cutler 32�34 Cambridge Street Cutler's Arms 66 Edward Street Cutler's Arms 7 New Church Street Cutler's Arms 86 Fargate Cutler's Arms Church Street, Attercliffe Cutler's Arms Leighton Road Cutler's Arms (Beerhouse) 27 Pond Street Cutler's Arms 74 Worksop Road, Attercliffe Cutler's Arms 38 Fargate Cutler's Inn 84 Fargate Cutler's Inn Hillfoot Cyclops 101 Carlisle Street
  18. B Bagshawe Arms Hemsworth Road, Norton Avenue Baker's Arms 127 Clarence Street Ball 106 High Street, Ecclesfield Ball 16 Pond Street or 203 Pond Street Ball 17 Scotland Street (Grindle gate) Ball /Acorn 182 Young Street Ball 23 Newfield/23 Oborne Street later 2 & 56 Oborne Street Ball 17 Hawley Croft Ball 13 / 26 Campo Lane Ball 27 Spring Street Ball 28 Townhead Street Ball 3 Norfolk Street Ball 43 Mansfield Road, Intake Ball 46 Furnace Hill Ball 50 Lambert Street/3 Lambert Street John Watts Ball 25/52/ Pye Bank/ 8 Pitsmoor Road Ball 60 Charles Street Ball 66 Upwell Street, Grimesthorpe S3 Ball31 & 72 Howard Street Ball 83 Westbar Green Ball Stannington Ball Cricket Inn Road Ball Darnall Hill / Darnall Road Ball Fitzalan Street Ball Garden Street Ball Gleadless Ball Hesley,Ecclesfield Ball New Pinstone Street Ball Solly Street Ball/Blue Ball Hagstones Road, Worrall Ball in the Tree/Ball/Balli'th'Tree Clarke Houses Ball Inn 171 Crookes, S10 Ball Inn 230 Myrtle Road / Spurr Lane, Heeley Ball Inn 44 Broad Lane Ball Inn 76 Burgess Street Ball Inn 84 Green Lane Ball Inn Carsick Hill, Hallam Head, Upper Hallam Ball 31 Duke Street, Park Ball 86 Carver Street Ball 64 Wicker Ball 8 Pea Croft Ball 39 Forge or Shude Lane Balloon Tavern 21 Sycamore Street Balloon Tavern 83 Trippet Lane Baltic Inn 420 Effingham Road Bank Inn 1 Penistone Road Bank Street Hotel 24 Bank Street Bank Tavern 4 Harts Head Bank Tavern 65 Norfolk Street Bankers Draft 1-3 Market Place, Castle Square Banner Cross Hotel 967-971 Ecclesall Road, S11 Bar 101 25 Arundel Gate Bar Coast Division Street, S1 Barcentro Cambridge Street Barley Mow 99 Broomhall Street Barleycorn 38 Coal Pit Lane Barrack Tavern (New) 601 Penistone Road, Owlerton Barrack Tavern/Old Barrack Tavern 217 Penistone Road/Hill foot Barrel 1 Townhead Street Barrel 123 London Road Barrel 13 & 105 Pond Street Barrel 134 Lord Street Barrel 36 Duke Street, Park Barrel 36 Water Lane (5 Water Lane in 1834) Barrel 64 Pinstone Street Barrel 73-75 Solly Street Barrel 16 Charles Street Barrel 86 / 44 Pye Bank / Bridgehouses Barrel 9 Waingate Barrel Bent's Green Barrel 26 Hawley Croft Barrel Holy Croft (Holly ?) Ball Badger Lane,[st Thomas Street ] Barrel Mortomley Lane End, Chapeltown Barrel (Beerhouse) 13 Sims Croft Barrel Inn Damflask Barrel Inn 69 Broad Lane Barrel 756 Attercliffe Road Barrel 40 Little Pond Street Barrel 31 Edward Street (Scotland Street) Barrel 75 Pea Croft Barrow Boys Shude Hill (Under Canada House) Barrow House Fowler Street, Wincobank Bar S1 240 West Street/Glossop Road Bartons Dream Shop 118 West Street Barton Vaults 118 West Street Basin Tavern 36 Blast Lane Bell Hathersage Batemoor 1 White Thorns View, S8 Bath Hotel 139 & 125 Broomhall Street Bath Hotel 184 Burgoyne Road/Whitehouse Road, S6 Bath Hotel 66 Victoria Street, S3 Bathfield Hotel 80 Weston Street & 1 Powell Street Bay Childers 4 Bridge Street Bay Childers 8 High Street Bay Horse 8 High Street Bay Horse 1 Greystock Street / 227 Attercliffe Road Bay Horse 143 Milton Street Bay Horse 40 South Street, Moor Bay Horse 46 Upper St Phillips Road, S3 Bay Horse 463 Pitsmoor Road, S3 Bay Horse 9 Willey Street, Wicker Bay Horse Scholes, Kimberworth Rotherham Bay Horse Wadsley Bay Horse 53 West Bar Green Bay Tree 67 Snow Hill [Cricket Inn Lane ] Bazaar Hotel 116 South Street, Moor Bedford Tavern 14 Cross Bedford Street Beauchief Hotel 161 Abbeydale Road South, S7 Bedford Hotel 71 Penistone Road Bedroom 88 West Street Bee Hive Inn Far Lane/Dykes Hall Road, S6 Beehive 7 Bowling Green Street Beehive Grimesthorpe Beehive Harthill with Woodall, Sheffield Beehive 115 Langsett Road Beehive 13 Little Pond Street Beehive 23 Spring Street Beehive Hotel 20 Upwell Lane Beehive 240 West Street/Glossop Road Beeley Wood 500-502 Middlewood Road, S6 Beeswing 46 Hartshead Belfry Eckington Road, Beighton Bell Market Street/Fitzalan Square [Family & Commercial Hotel ] Board Bolsterstone Bell Hagg Inn Manchester Road, Upper Hallam Belle Vue Hotel 229 Cricket Inn Road, S2 Bellefield Inn 2 Bellefield Lane Bellefield House 68-70 Bellefield Street &90 Fawcett Street Bellefield Inn 37 Bellefield Street [14 Bellefield Terrace ] Bellevue Hotel 116 Fitzalan Street Belle Vue Hotel 282 Whitehouse Lane, S6 Ben Lomond 23 Eyre Street Bethel Arms Backfields B-Hive 240 West Street/Glossop Road Big Gun/Great Gun13-15-17 Wicker, S3 Big Tree 842 Chesterfield Road, S8 Bird in Hand 126 High Street, Eckington Bird in Hand 49 Broughton Lane Bird in Hand 624 Brightside Lane Bird in Hand 82 Bridge Street Bird in Hand Church Street Birley Hotel 66 Birley Moor Road, S12 Birmingham Arms 18 Lambert Street Birmingham Arms 40 Greystock Street Birmingham Arms 79 or 93 Matilda Street Birmingham Tavern 5 New Church Street Black Boy 29 Bailey Lane Black Bull 18 Church Street, Ecclesfield Black Bull 26 Main Street, Aughton Black Bull 74 Hollis Croft Black Bull Thurlstone Black Darling 75 Talbot Street Black Eagle 80 Wellington Street Black Horse 17 Edward Street Black Horse 64 Howard Street Black Horse Pitt's Moor Black Horse/Old Black Horse 180 Upper Allen Street Black Horse/Old Black Horse Scotland Street Black Horse 75 Talbot Street Black Lion 24 Bank Street Black Lion 33 Snig Hill Black Man 76 Scotland Street Black Rock 17 Castle Street Black Swan 1 Little Pond Street (also 15 & 60) Black Swan 21 Burgess Street Black Swan 3 Fargate/5 Black Swan Walk Birmingham House High Street Black Swan Crofts Black Swan 1 Snig Hill/29 Snig Hill Black Tiger 94 Pea Croft Blackamoors Head 25 High Street Blacksmith's Arms 10 Sheldon Row Blacksmith's Arms Hill Top, Ecclesfield Blacksmith's Arms Stumperlowe Blacksmiths' Arms Fulwood Blacksmiths' Arms Mill House, Thurstone Blacksmith's Cottage Button Lane Blackstock Gleadless Road, S2 Blademaker's Arms 92 Eyre Lane Blake Street Hotel 53 Blake Street Bloomsberry 37 Albion Street, Crooksmoor Blucher 672 Brightside Lane Blue Ball 25/52/ Pye Bank / 8 Pitsmoor Road Blonk Street Tavern Blonk Street Blue Ball 3 Norfolk Street Blue Ball 320 Haggstones Road, Worrall Blue Ball 91 Pond Street Blue Ball Crookes, S10 Blue Ball Darnall Blue Ball Dixon Lane Birmingham Arms Hawley Croft Blue Ball281 Main Road, Wharncliffe Side Blue Ball Thurlstone Blue Ball 67 Broad Street, Park, S2 Blue Bell Church Street/120 Worksop Road Attercliffe Blue Bell Harthill with Woodall, Sheffield Blue Bell/Old Blue Bell 31-33 High Street Blue Bell 56 High Street Blue Bell 13 Jehu Lane/4 Commercial Street in 1871 Blue Bell 1 Main Street, Hackenthorpe Blue Bell 72 Silver Street Head Beehive Silver Street Head Blue Boar 16 Cross Burgess Street Blue Boar 26 Bow Street Blue Boar 26 West Bar Blue Boar / Pig 22 Workhouse Lane Blue Boy 9 Blue Boy Street, Allen Street Blue Boy 41 Shepherd Street, Moorfields Blade Makers 193 Arundel Street Blue Pig 19 Cross Burgess Street Blue Pig 6/22 Workhouse Lane & 41/43 Spring Street Blue Stoops/Blue Posts High Street, Dronfield Bluwater Bar & Restaurant 18-19 Arches, Victoria Quays, Wharf Street Board 6 Dixon Lane Board (Beerhouse) Hill Top, Attercliffe Boardwalk 1 Snig Hill/29 Snig Hill Boatman 20 or 26 Ball Street Boatman's Inn Norwood, Wales Boatman's Mission Corn Exchange Bodega High Street Bold Dragon Inn 264 Langsett Road Bold Dragoon 264 Langsett Road Board Wadsley Boot and Shoe 79 Campo Lane (26 Cross Church Street in 1834) Boot and Shoe/Boot and Slipper 52 Pinstone Street Boston Castle 6 Castle Green Boston Hotel 10 Lansdowne Road Bottle & Barrel Montgomery Road, Nether Edge Boulougne Mouth 30 Waingate Bower Spring Tap 2 Bower Spring Bowling Green Hotel 2 Upwell Lane, S9 Bowling Green Hotel and Tea Gardens Cherrytree Hill Bowling Tavern 55 Montfort Street S3 Brackley Arms 14 Brackley Street, S3 Bradway Hotel/Hogshead/Miner's Inn Bradway Road, Bradway Bramwell 99 Upper St Philips Road Brass Arms 1 West Bar Brave Old Oak 58 Charles Street Brelsford's Commercial Hotel 2 Dixon Lane/22 Old Haymarket Bressingham Arms 2 Bressingham Road Brewer's Arms 36 Eyre Street Brewer's Inn 46 Blackmore Street Brewery House 79 Button Lane Bricklayers Arms 77 Wentworth Street Bricklayer's Arms 8 Jehu Lane Bricklayer's Arms 66 Hereford Street Brickmaker's Arms 21 Newhall Road Brickmakers Arms 92 Eyre Lane Brickmakers Arms Coalpit Lane Bridge 2 Meadow Hall Road Blackwood 16 Douglas Road Bridge 3 Sheffield Road, Dronfield Bridge 509 London Road Bridge Inn 1 Bridgehouses Brewers's Arms 28 Broad Street Bridge Inn 219 Pond Street Bridge Inn 317 Penistone Road/Hillfoot Bridge Inn 47 Hereford Street Bridge Inn 5 Bridge Street Bridge Inn Owlerton Blade Makers Arms 193 Arundel Street Bridge Inn Blackburn Road/Meadowhall Road Bridge Inn Ford, Ridgeway Bridge Inn Granville Street Britain's Protection 26 Pea Croft. Bridge Inn Hollowgate, High Green Bridge Inn Mortomley Lane End, Chapeltown Bridge Inn Thurgoland Bridge Inn Whirlow Bridge Inn (Beerhouse) 63 Pond Street Bridge Inn (or Bridgehouse Inn) 181 Nursery Street Bridge Inn 387 Attercliffe Road/Carlton Road, S9 Bridgefield 195 Fowler Street Brightmore Tavern 23 Brightmore Street Brincliffe Oaks Hotel 9 Oak Hill Road, Nether Edge Road Britain Arms 120 Matilda Street Britannia 101 Broad Lane Britannia 122 Portobello Street Britannia 24 Worksop Road Brittania Inn 43 Charles Lane British Lion 38 Thomas Street British Oak 1 Mosborough Moor British Oak 227 Carbrook Street British Oak Oak Street, Heeley, S8 British Queen Penistone Road Broadfield Hotel 482 Abbeydale Road, S8 Brocco Hotel 167 Upper Allan Street Bronx 208 Savile Street East, S4 Broomhall House 49 Broomhall Street Broomhall Tavern 105 Broomhall Street Broomhill Tavern 484 Glossop Road Brooms (Beerhouse) Ughill, Bradfield Brougham Tavern Cattle Markets Broughton 1 Broughton Lane Broughton Inn 342 Attercliffe Common, S9 Brown Bear 109 Norfolk Street Brown Bear 26 Market Street, Eckington Brown Cow 1 Broad Lane Brown Cow 6 Burdekin's Yard, 25 Bridgehouses Brown Cow Red Croft Brown Cow 1 Mowbray Street Brown Cow / Old Brown Cow 1-3 Radford Street Brown Cow 56 Wicker Brown Cow 27 Trippet Lane Brunswick 15 Haymarket Brunswick Arms 46 Grimesthorpe Road Brunswick 54 Thomas Street, Little Sheffield Brunswick Hotel 30 Tilford Road, Woodhouse Board Wharncliffe Side Brunswick House 98 Bramber Street, S3 Brunswick Inn 16 Ellin Street, S1 Brushmakers Arms Coalpit Lane Buccaneerl Leopold Street BuccaneerGrand Hotel, Leopold Street, S1 Buckenham Hotel 62 Grimesthorpe Road Buckenham Hotel or Buck Hotel 33 Waingate Bull Hesley Lane, Ecclesfield Bull 18 Church Street, Ecclesfield Bull 26 Main Street, Aughton Bull 74 Hollis Croft Bull Thurlstone Bull and Bitch Bull and Mouth 30 Waingate Bull and Oak 26 Furnival Road Bull and Oak New Cattle Market Bull and Oak 76â"78 Wicker Bull Inn 95 Heeley Green, Heeley Bulldog 387 Attercliffe Road/Washford Bridge, S9 Bull's Head 18 Dun Street, S3 Bull's Head 2 Duke Street, S2 Bull's Head 2 Matilda Street Bull's Head 29 Cross Smithfield, S3 Bull's Head 396 Fulwood Road, Ranmoor, S10 Burgoyne Arms 246 Langsett Road, S6 Burlington Hotel 7 Burlington Street, S6 Burlington Hotel 72 Wentworth Street Burn's Head Tavern 10 Townhead Street Burn's Hotel 12 Sheffield Road Burns' Tavern Carbrook Burnt Tree Inn 84 Allen Street Burnt Tree Tavern 83 Hoyle Street Burnt Tree Tavern Beerhouse 80 Shepherd Street Burton Arms 434 Attercliffe Road/Carlton Road Bush Little Sheffield Bushmaker's Arms 31 Pond Hill Butcher's Arms 1 Langsett Road / Infirmary Road Butcher's Arms 158 Gibralter Street Butcher's Arms 27 Townhead Street Butcher's Arms 276 Shalesmoor Butcher's Arms 61 Bath Street Butcher's Arms Penistone Road Byron House 16 Nether Edge Road
  19. A Abbey Hotel 944 Chesterfield Road, S8 Abbeydale Station Hotel 161 Abbeydale Road South Aberdeen House 133 Upper Hanover Street/2 Aberdeen Street, S3 Acorn 20 Burton Road Acorn 20 New Church Street Acorn 204,288-292 Shalesmoor, S3 Acorn 52 Wicker S3 Acorn Bracken Hill, Chapeltown S35 Adam and Eve 17 Balaclava Road Adelaide Tavern 48 Mowbray Street, S3 Adelphi 13 Arundel Street/Sycamore Street, S1 Adelphi 15 Martin Street, S6 Admiral Rodney 592 Loxley Road, S6 African Prince Lambert Street S3 Albany Hotel 38-40 Gloucester Street, S10 Albany Hotel Fargate/Surrey Street S1 Albert 2 Coal Pit Lane (Cambridge Street), S1 Albert 31 Sutherland Street, S4 Albert Hotel 117 Penistone Road, S6 Albert Inn 113 Broomhall Street, S3 Albert Inn 162 Darnall Road, S9 Albion 12 Sylvester Street Albion 23 Adsett Street Albion 2-4 Earsham Street, S4 Albion 26 Oxford Street Albion 35 Johnson Street Albion 4 Mitchell Street, S3 Albion 46 Verdon Street S3 Albion 694 [High Street] Attercliffe Road S9 Albion Hotel 12 East Street, Park Albion Hotel 75 London Road, S2 Albion Hotel Haymarket Albion Tavern 26 Lambert Street S3 All Bar One 15 Leopold Street Alexandra 111 Eldon Street/14 Milton Street S1 Alexandra 13 Dover Street Alexandra 549 Carlisle Street East S4 Alexandra 91 Dunlop Street, S9 Alexandra Hotel Exchange Street, 37 Furnival Road, S2 Alexandra Hotel 42 Jericho Street, S3 Alexandra Hotel Furnival Road S2 Alexandra Hotel Holly Bush Street, Parkgate Alhambra 78 Meadow Street/100 Hoyle Street Alhambra Palace Vaults 1-15 Union Street Ashopton Inn Derwent All Nations 18 Water Lane Alma Cottage 56 Duke Street Alma Hotel 92 Trafalgar Street Alma Tavern Burlington Street Alma 23 Alma Street Amateur's Rest 17 Holly Street Amberley The Windmill 221 Attercliffe Common, S9 American Stores 36 West Bar Green S1 Anchor 162 Darnall Road, S9 Anchor 20 Pea Croft Anchor 233 Solly Street Ancient Pine Apple 3 Radford Row Angler's Inn Bamford Angel 15 Angel Street 1657 1940 283 Angel 59 Sheffield Road, Woodhouse S13 Angel 8 Market Street, Eckington S21 Angel 87 Westbar Green Angel Inn 151 Main Street, Grenoside S35 Angel 14 Button Lane or 18-22 Button Lane or South Street Angler's Rest 15 Snow Lane Angler's Rest 46 New George Street Angler's Rest 93 Richmond Park Road, S13 Anvil 106 Stannington Road, Malin Bridge S6 Anvil 152 South Street, Moor Anvil 24 Waingate S3 Anvil Maker's Arms 119 Young Street Aquaduct Tavern (Beerhouse) Aquaduct, Attercliffe Arbourthorne Hotel Errington Road, S2 Arena Square Attercliffe Common, S9 Army Hotel 45 Hillfoot/281 Penistone Road Army Stores 45 Hillfoot/281 Penistone Road Arrow Inn Attercliffe Common S9 Artillery Man 7 Bridge Street Arundel Arms 1 The Common, Ecclesfield S35 Arundel Castle 257 Arundel Street S1 Arundel Cottage 49 Arundel Lane S1 Alambra Hotel 1-13 Union Street S1 Ashberry Hotel 116 Addy Street, 1 Ashberry Road, S6 Assembly Rooms 76;78 Wicker Athol Hotel 19 Charles Street/84-86 Pinstone Street S1 Atlantic Inn Brightmore Street Atlas 131 Carlisle Street East S4 Atlas 274 Savile Street S4 Atlas Bawtry Road, Brinsworth Aunt Sally Clarkehouse Road, Broomhill S10 Australian Arms 49 West Bar S3 Australian House Fawcett St, Netherthorpe Av-It-Bar 5 Carlisle Street East
  20. Remember this list is mainly up to 1951 Pub/Address/Open date (subject to modification)/Number of known keepers Brown Cow/Old Brown Cow 1 Radford Street 1820 30 Shakespeare 146 Gibralter Street 1820 30 Old Light Horseman 155 Penistone Road, Philadelphia 1822 29 Barrel Inn/Fagans (1985) 69 Broad Lane 1820 28 Blue Boar 26 West Bar 1774 28 Fox and Duck 174 Pye Bank 1822 27 Greyhound 185 Gibralter Street, S3 1796 27 Yew Tree Malin Bridge 1825 27 Ball Inn 84 Green Lane 1820 26 Beehive/B-Hive/Rockwells/Foundry & Firkin/Bar S1 240 West Street/Glossop Road 1825 26 Dog and Partridge 56 Trippet Lane 1797 26 Dove and Rainbow 25 Hartshead 1782 26 George and Dragon 96 West Bar 1822 26 Grapes 80 Trippet Lane 1820 26 Hussar/Old Hussar 51 Scotland Street 1816 26 Robin Hood 86 Duke Street, Park, S2 1820 26 Albion Hotel 75 London Road, S2 1833 25 Anvil 24 Waingate 1822 25 Barrel 123 London Road 1820 25 Black Horse/Old Black Horse 180 Upper Allen Street 1822 25 Brown Bear 109 Norfolk Street 1820 25 Gate/Old Gate in 1854 10 Hollis Croft 1820 25 Hare and Hounds 27 Nursery Street 1820 25 Hen and Chickens 3 Castle Green 1820 25 Hermitage 11 London Road, Little Sheffield 1822 25 Saddle/New Saddle 96 West Street 1825 25 Three Cranes 46 Queen Street 1820 25 Anvil 152 South Street, Moor 1820 24 Bull and Mouth/Boulougne Mouth/Tap and Spile/Tap and Barrel 30 Waingate 1790 24 Elephant Vaults 2 Norfolk Street & Market Street 1820 24 Neepsend Tavern 114 Neepsend Lane 1833 24 Queen's Head 660 Attercliffe Road 1822 24 Red Lion 145 Duke Street, Park, S2 1820 24 Rising Sun Little Common, Ecclesall Bierlow 1786 24 Three Tuns 55 Leopold Street/Orchard Street 1822 24 Wellington Inn 222 Main Road, Darnall Road 1822 24 Yellow Lion 12 Haymarket 1787 24 Barleycorn 38 Coal Pit Lane 1795 23 Bay Horse 40 South Street, Moor 1822 23 Bull and Oak/Front Room/Assembly Rooms/Sembly Rooms/Crown and Cushion/Sam Hills Parlour-Bull and Hawk in 1828 76-78 Wicker 1715 23 Cock 59 Hollis Croft 1780 23 Cossack 45 Howard Street 1820 23 Crown/Old Crown/R&B's Uptown Bar 35 Scotland Street 1797 23 Devonshire Arms 23 South Street, Moor 1825 23 Golden Ball Townhead Street 1828 23 Millhouses Hotel 951 Abbeydale Road, Millhouses, S7 1841 23 Old Harrow 34 Harvest Lane 1820 23 Pump Tavern 79 South Street, Moor 1825 23 Queen Adelaide 32 Bramall Lane/1 Hermitage Street, S2 1825 23 Red Lion 109 Charles Street, S1 1820 23 Rock Tavern 20 Dixon Lane 1796 23 ------------------- Ironic to see Shakespeare sharing top spot given what has happened. If we extend the dates beyond 1951, The Shakespeare would surely be top - Jeff Boss 2010 - suppose that makes it top. Any updates gratefully received. -------------------
  21. THE FAIRBANKS OF SHEFFIELD From early in the 18th century, there was no name better known in Sheffield than Fairbank; and although the family seems to have left the town nearly a hundred years ago, the name is yet known to Sheffield antiquaries, lawyers and surveyors, through what has for many years been called The Fairbank Collection, which consists of thousands of maps, plans, sections, elevations, surveys, field-books, letters, diaries, account-books, office-drafts and papers; left, at the death of William Fairbank Fairbank in 1848, for disposal by his executors. In tracing the descent of the Sheffield branch of the Fairbank family, we shall also make clear the origin and devolution of The Fairbank Collection, which passed into the safe keeping of Mr Reginald D. Bennett, surveyor of Sheffield, on the death of his predecessor in business, the late Mr Alfred Smith Denton, in 1927. In The Fairbank Collection, we find much Sheffield history, extending for about a hundred and fifty years from Queen Anne to Queen Victoria, written not in words but in maps; and this form of local history brings into prominence many topographical facts and interesting events, which are not to be found elsewhere. Such a comprehensive collection of cartographic material, available for the history of a circumscribed area and period, is probably unique; and it invites the fullest examination. The four generations of Fairbank, shown in the above pedigree, were the men who brought the collection into existence, and at the same time made their name famous in the 18th and 19th centuries, first in Sheffield and later throughout England. William at the head of the pedigree, his son, grandsons and great-grandson surveyed the whole of Sheffield and many miles round, together with other landed estates in neighbouring and also distant counties. The work of surveying innumerable small holdings in Sheffield extended over many years; and was undertaken for private landowners and public bodies at a time when little, if any, land surveying had been attempted in the district; and it is evident that the land owners in and around Sheffield gladly availed themselves of the opportunity provided by the coming of the Fairbanks, to have their lands surveyed for the first time. The surveys of Sheffield properties, made prior to 1771, were so numerous and comprehensive that they enabled the second William Fairbank to publish a street-map in 1771, which he revised, and extended in 1797; and, as the town expanded in every direction, a third street map of Sheffield was published in 1808 by the brothers William and Josiah. These three maps are full of interest, they are yet in use and for many purposes are constantly referred to; they were prepared from exact measurements, taken mostly by the second William and his son Josiah. These outlined dimensions with notes and dates were sketched in field-books carried in the pocket; and all measurements were entered with great accuracy, when working on the land. The field books were paper covered pocket books, which they sometimes called Dimension Books; but more usually Field-Books. A half-tone illustration of one of these Field-Books is here reproduced. Nearly three hundred of these Field Books, containing, several thousand separate surveys, now form part of The Fairbank Collection. In some of the earlier field-books the buildings are shown in what was then a new method of drawing, called isometrical projection, by which the elevation and ground-plan of a building are represented in one view. Another series of note-books, extending from 1752 to 1800, contains full particulars of' buildings, either erected or altered by a Fairbank ; these building-books are full of interesting detail as to the cost of work by masons, carpenters; slaters, glaziers, painters, decorators and others; this series also contains many plans, sections and elevations of buildings in Sheffield and the outlying district. FROM WESTMORLAND TO YORKSHIRE. The earliest record of the Fairbank family is to be found in the will of Richard Fayrbank of Heptonstall near Halifax, dated the 20th August 1517. He was born at Kendal in Westmorland about 1470, and his wife was Alice daughter of John Colcroft, a member of a well known Yorkshire family. Richard, by his will, left a sum of iii s. iv d. to his `Fader at Kendall ; and he directed An Order to be said at the chapel in Kendal, where he was born. This makes it clear that, the family, whose name is variously spelt but for convenience throughout these notes is referred to as Fairbank, came from Westmorland shortly before 1517 and settled in and around Halifax in Yorkshire, where records of the family are to be found, covering two centuries or more. From the Halifax stock many branches spread far afield, some reaching Sheffield in the second half of the 16th century, when we find a Robert Fairbank of Sheffield. In his will, dated the 23rd September, 1585, he is described as of Sheffield in the county of York draper; and he expressed a wish to be buried in the parish church there. He left v s. to the poor man's box in the church and amongst the legacies was iii l. vi s. viii d. to his apprentice Mark Fairbank; x s. for his godson George Fairbank and one black doublet for John son of George Fairbank. His two brothers-in-law, Henry and Lawrence Hall, were legatees; and another apprentice John Vicars was to receive iii s. iv d.; the residue of his estate he left to his wife Alice, who proved his will at York on the 5th November 1585. He was buried on the 1st October 1585 at Sheffield parish church, as appears from the Sheffield parish register. If, in accordance with his wish, he was buried inside the church, some monumental inscription might have now existed; but no trace of such inscription can be found. As he had two brothers-in-law named Hall, his wife presumably was Alice Hall; and there is some trace of two Lawrence Halls, father and son, living at Fulwood about that time. It will be seen that in Robert Fairbank's will, there is no reference to a son or daughter, and we must assume that no children survived him; but from the Sheffield parish register it appears that he buried a daughter Alice on the 15th October 1579. That being so, William at the head of the pedigree was not descended from Robert the draper and we must look elsewhere for his ancestors. As disclosed by the will, there were other Fairbanks living in Sheffield during Robert's lifetime and an examination of the Sheffield parish register, from its commencement in 1560 to 1700, only discloses two Fairbanks in addition to those already mentioned; namely, 1574-5 January lst Elizabeth Fayrebanckes (sic) buried; and 1589 August 18th George Hawe married Alice Fayrebanckes (sic). Of Elizabeth nothing is known, but Alice who married George Hawe may have been the widow of Robert the draper. In 1566 Robert Fairbank paid a fee-farm rent of three pence for church-land in Sheffield, due to the lord of the manor; and in 1569 there was a Sheffield assessment `for makynge of soulders' as follows, xx s. for the equipment of Robert Fairbank. In 1668 the Society of Friends was founded in London and in later years the Sheffield Fairbanks joined or formed a local branch. From that time we find no more records of the family in the register of the parish church, as the Friends kept their own records of births marriages and deaths; and those of the Sheffield branch begin at too late a date to throw any light on the family connexion between the first William Fairbank the schoolmaster and the Sheffield Fairbanks of the 16th century. Perhaps, however, sufficient has been said to show that the Fairbanks of Sheffield were descended from the 15th century Westmorland stock and that they first settled around Halifax and then moved south to Sheffield and elsewhere. AMERICA. One group of the Halifax branch, before the days of William the Sheffield schoolmaster, left England for America, where the name Fairbank is yet known and honoured; the tradition being, that two brothers Richard and Jonathan Fairbank, of Sowerby near Halifax York¬shire, with their wives Elizabeth and Grace sailed for Boston Massachusetts U.S.A. in the `Griffin' and landed there in 1633. Richard soon identified himself with public affairs in Boston and held many important public offices in the town; he was a member of the Ancient and Honourable Artillery Company and was the first Postmaster of the Colony. His house in Boston was the post office and he served the Colony well until 1667 when he died, his two children having predeceased him; his brother Jonathan, after prospecting around Boston for three years, settled in 1636 with his wife and six children at Dedham, about ten miles south-west of Boston. We are told that Jonathan was possessed of ample means and that he brought with him from England the frame of a house, the timbers of which lay for three years in Boston, until he found a settlement at Dedham. There, he obtained the grant of a twelve-acre plot of land and on it built his house, to which he added more land in later years. He and his family lived in this house until 1648 when he enlarged it to meet the requirements of his family; and this old frame-house with all its extensions, after the lapse of nearly three centuries, yet stands. It is now known as Ye Olde Fayerbanke House and is said to be the oldest existing frame-house in the United States. It was occupied by the descendants of Jonathan until 1903 or shortly after, when Miss Rebecca Fairbank left it and removed to Boston, the old house being purchased by the Fairbank Family Association, a trust formed for the purpose of preserving it for all time, as a place of historic and antiquarian interest. It is visited every year by thousands of tourists and travellers, who come from all parts of the world. An illustrated pamphlet of thirty pages is published for the use of visitors; and this shows the out side of the house from many points of view, both in summer and winter; also the living-room, a bedroom and kitchens, each containing its old furniture; with spinning- wheels, rocking-chairs, trundle-beds, gate-legged tables; warmingpans, pewter dishes and cider-press. An inventory of the goods of Jonathan Fairbank is printed in full; also a copy of his will, dated 1668, ,and a copy of the will of his kinsman and benefactor George Fairbank of Sowerby in Yorkshire clothier, dated 1650. The frontispiece reproduces a picture of President and Mrs. Henry Irving Fairbank in picturesque costume of the period; they are described as of ‘The Ninth Generation of the Fayerbanke family.’ Perhaps now that Ye Olde Fayerbanke House is open to the public, Sheffield visitors to Boston will be tempted to make the short journey to Dedham, to see what was for nearly three hundred years the home of the American branch of a family, once so well known in Sheffield. THE FIRST WILLIAM FAIRBANK. We must now examine, in some detail, the history of the four generations of Fairbank who lived in Sheffield from the close of the 17th century to about 1850. The earliest record of the first William, the schoolmaster and land-surveyor, is his signature on the inside cover of A Record Book of the Society of Friends in Sheffield, bearing date 1723. It is below a motto in both Greek and Latin, which betrays the schoolmaster and shows that he had joined the Quakers in Sheffield before 1723. The next mention of this William is in 1725, when he gave formal notice to the Sheffield branch of the Society of Friends of his intention to marry Emma Broadhead, the widow of William Broadhead deceased and the daughter of John Clark of Swinton near Rotherham; the marriage taking place on the 9th December 1725, at the Friends' Meeting House in Sheffield. In 1733 he was appointed by the Sheffield branch to represent it, at a meeting of the Balby branch near Doncaster; and in the same year, for conscientious reasons, he refused to pay tithe; and his goods were distrained. His ledgers and account-books show that many Sheffield boys and girls attended his school from 1753 or earlier to 1773. One book, marked `School Wages', contains the names of hundreds of scholars and their parents, which include, Aldam, Barlow, Barnard, Bennett, Binney, Bright, Broadbent, Brownell, Cadman, Chorley, Dale, Doncaster, Eyre, Fenton, Firth, Girdler, Goddard, Hall, Hallam, Heathcott, Holy, Ibberson, Marsh, Newbould, Nodder, Palfreeman, Rawson, Roberts, Roebuck, Rotherham, Skelton, Swallow, Trickett, IJnwin, Vickers, Withers, Woolhouse, Worrall and Wreaks, with many interesting details. There is, however, nothing to indicate in what part of Sheffield the school was, nor is there any information from other sources which enables us to fix its site with any certainty. A possible clue may be gathered from the fact that the first William paid 'a guinea a year for a field at White House' in, Bramall Lane, about a hundreds yards north of Sheaf House; also twenty shillings for a stable. As he would rent the stable for his horse, it seems probable that this stable would not be far from his house; for in those days he would be dependent on his saddle-horse for getting to distant points, where he was surveying. Only a few maps and plans in The Fairbank Collection can be attributed to the first William, and these are on parchment, being dated between 1737 and 1750. If few maps in the collection can be credited to him, it must not be assumed that his output of work as a surveyor was small, on the contrary his day-books show a splendid record of surveying both in Sheffield and at a distance. He had a son, also called William, and two daughters; he died on the 5th December 1759 as the result of an accident, the circumstances of which are fully described in a letter which his son wrote to Josiah Forster a schoolmaster and surveyor of Tottenham near London, his father-in-law, which reads as follows: ‘ It was on the 4th day, about five in the evening, that he was returning from brother Hirst's on horseback;[1] and in as good health as he had enjoyed for several weeks, and just at the entrance to the town (as we were informed, for none of us were with him) the mare stumbled, whether on the ice or some stone we know not; but on recovering herself, she struck into a brisk pace and he, endeavouring to stop her with the curb bridle, broke the bit in her mouth; by which accident he lost the command of her and his own seat and fell with so much violence on the side of his head, which was exceedingly bruised, that the surgeon told us he got a concussion in his brains, tho' his skull was not fractured. The neighbourhood was immediately alarmed and he carried into a little alehouse, from whence we were immediately sent for and went to him; we found him discharging abundance of blood from his wound and mouth and altogether insensible, as he remained to the time of his death; which was on the 5th day about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, notwithstanding all the surgeon could do for him; and indeed he remained quite motionless till his death...... I need not tell thee we shall never more use the mare. The Coroner's Inquest brought her in the Bane, tho' it seems in a great measure chargeable on the weakness of the bridle bits. She however is forfeited to the lord of the manor, the Duke of Norfolk, and valued by the jury at six pounds, which we believe he, will not [take] nor any more than a small acknowldgement, which will serve to keep up his superstitious claim to Deodands (so called), warranted by custom or law. The letter was dated Sheffield 12th Mo. 15th 1759 and is now at the central Offices of the Society of Friends, Euston Road, London. This the first William was buried in the Quakers' Burial Ground at Sheffield; he died intestate and his wife Emma predeceased him. The claim to a deodand was prima facie by the King; it arose when a man, through misfortune, was killed by a horse or cart or any moving thing, called a bane, which was forfeited to the King's Almoner, to dispose of in alms and deeds of charity. It seems that by special custom of the manor of Sheffield, deodands were claimed by its lord. The mare which caused the death of William was probably the one he bought from John Lee of Thrift House Ecclesall for £7, two years before the accident; a note of which appears in his cash-book. THE SECOND WILLIAM. On the death of the head of the family in 1759, his son William continued the school, of which he had kept the accounts since 1757 or earlier; he also continued the surveying business, for which he had been trained by his father and in which he had taken an active part for some years before his father's death. He administered his father's estate; and his well kept account-books, which form part of The Fairbank Collection, give much information as to his life and work. During the father's lifetime William the son had married Mary the daughter of Josiah Forster of Tottenham above mentioned, whose grandson we are told was the right honourable William Edward Forster M.P. for Bradford and chief secretary for Ireland in 1880.The Forsters were also members of the Society of Friends and the letter of the 15th December 1759 was written by the second William to his wife's father. In 1760, a year after his father's death, the second William bought land in Coal Pit Lane Sheffield, now known as Cambridge Street, on which he erected a dwelling-house for his own occupation, with ample accommodation for his scholars. In 1770 M. Oddie, perhaps a pupil, made a very perfect plan of this property, which is in the collection. The second William continued at Coal Pit Lane for several years and during this period, the daily entries in his books show a curious mixture of charges for schooling and surveying; he obviously must have had help in the school, when away from home surveying land at a distance. In 1798 he took a lease from the Duke of Norfolk of a piece of land containing 32 perches in Lee's Croft, with a frontage of about 220 yards to Broomhall Lane, near the corner of what is now Broom¬hall Street and West Street. On this piece of land he had built some years previously, as a residence for himself, a house with a garden and orchard which he called West Hill, the site of which had prior to 1768 been part of what was then known as Black Lands. In 1798 the Duke seems to have granted William Fairbank a lease of West Hill, as it is then referred to in the Duke's maps and rentals as leasehold; but, although the lease was granted in 1798, it is clear that William Fairbank was living at West Hill as early as 1794 and probably eight years earlier, as he appears to have left Coal Pit Lane and given up the school about 1774. After this he presumably devoted his whole time and energy to land surveying. The Fairbank Collection contains many of his office diaries and account-books, among which is a printed pocket-diary for the year 1785, which is full of interesting notes of work done, which are beautifully written and clearly expressed. It contains many items which explain and supplement the maps in the field-books. This daily record gives a good idea of the professional life and work of the second William Fairbank, who died at West Hill on the 9th August 1801, aged 70 years. By his will, dated the 14th May 1800, he gave his leasehold house, which would be West Hill, and two closes then known as Well Field and the Croft, held of the Duke of Norfolk, to his wife for life, with the remainder to his two sons William and Josiah and their sisters; but William had the right to have the house, on making certain payments to the others; the testator gave all his instruments used for the land surveying business and his copper-plates and plans of Sheffield and the parish of Sheffield to his two sons; but his household goods furniture and books he gave to his wife, who with her eldest son William proved the will at York, on the 15th February 1802. The Fairbank Collection bears witness to an extraordinary amount of work done by this very assiduous and energetic member of the family, the second William; nearly two hundred of the field-books are in his handwriting. From ‘The Records of the Burgery of Sheffield' by John Daniel Leader 1897, it appears that he did much work for the Town Trustees. One of his great achievements was the laying out, construction and engineering of main roads in and around Sheffield. In 1757, two years before his father's death, he constructed the Sheffield to Buxton turnpike road; and about the same time he widened and improved the entire length of the road from Sheffield to Wakefield. In 1760 he made the road from Lady's Bridge to Bridgehouses; in 1763 he was engaged on the Worksop Road through Aston and Gateford; and about the same time he improved the turnpike road to Derby. In 1764 he constructed the road from Tinsley to Doncaster and two years later was engaged on the road from Orgreave,Common to Attercliffe via Catcliffe. During 1768 the road from Holmesfield to Curbar Head was completed under his supervision; also the turnpike road from Grindleford Bridge to Penistone. This gives some idea of the work he undertook and completed; but it is only part of his work on the roads, which again is exclusive of the more general work of land surveying for private clients, of whom he had many. Like his father; he travelled about the country to his work on horseback; and he must have spent many hours every week in the saddle and no doubt kept his own horse; but in his accounts the cost of horse-hire constantly occurs. We have evidence of his journeys in the saddle, for days to, gether, in his journals and cash books. In 1757, during his father's lifetime, he was engaged in a survey for Parson Stacey of Stow Park, about five miles south-east of Gainsborough, and not less than thirty-six miles from Sheffield. His first stop was at Woodhouse to have his horse's shoe removed, for which he paid four pence; he had dinner at Gateford, which cost including ale seven pence; supper and liquor at Retford thirteen pence, where he stayed the night and paid a further eight pence for his breakfast with ale. At North Leverton he stopped for dinner, paying ten pence; and there he secured a guide to show him the road to Dunham Ferry, for whose services he paid two pence; next day he had his midday dinner at Gainsborough and supped at Wheatley. The following day he had J. Johnson as his guest at dinner and this was probably Parson Stacey's agent, who would point out the land to be surveyed. He seems to have taken the journey very leisurely, perhaps he was riding his own horse on that occasion? The concluding item for this journey shows that his professional fee was five shillings a day, the entry being `My wages 7 days at 5s = £l - 15 - 0d.' About the same time he was measuring the road from Sheffield to Chesterfield, to fix milestones for the Turnpike Commissioners. In that case his charge for one day and horse was six shillings. No doubt many of the surveys, which he made from home, took more than a week and the open air life in all weathers that he led must have been very strenuous. In 1760 he repaved High Street Sheffield and in 1762 he began a complete survey of the Duke of Norfolk's Sheffield estate. The following year he was working in Cheshire and in 1765 he undertook work on the Don, to increase the water-power for mills and wheels. Two years later he completed the aqueduct from Crookes Moor to the New Spring at Leavy Greave and thence to Broomhall Lane. During the twenty years following 1770, he seems to have further increased his work, not only as a surveyor and engineer but also as an architect; during that period, it included the erection of The Tontine Inn, the Shambles in Market Place; the Friends' Meeting House and private residences; including Meersbrook' House, Page Hall and many others. THE THIRD WILLIAM. After the death of the second William in 1801, either his executors or his two sons seem to have purchased the freehold reversion of the leasehold house at West Hill from the Duke; and William the son took up his residence there. The two sons, William and Josiah, who for some time previously had been helping their father in the business, carried it on in partnership under the style of W. & J. Fairbank at West Hill; but later Josiah took the sole control until his son, some years later, joined him in partnership. The third William, who apparently never married, died in 1848, aged seventy four. He does not appear to have ever taken a very active part in the business and more than seven years before his death the business under the style of Josiah Fairbank & Son had been removed from West Hill to offices in East Parade, in the centre of the town; and at that time Josiah was living at Wilkinson Street. By the will of the third William, dated the 30th June 1846, his `printed books and engraved maps' were left to his friend Edward Smith of Fir Vale near Sheffield esquire. To his nephew William Fairbank Fairbank, the eldest son of his deceased brother Josiah, he gave all his drawn maps, field-books and other writings relating thereto and his drawings and surveying instruments. The residue of his estate was to be divided between his sister Mary, the wife of William Hodgson of German Town near Philadelphia U.S.A. and his sister-in-law Sarah, the widow of his brother Josiah: Mr John Wheat solicitor of Sheffield was appointed sole executor, but he renounced probate and Sarah Fairbank administered the estate, shortly after the death of the testator, which occurred on the 15th July 1846. JOSIAH FAIRBANK. We must now return to Josiah, the second son of the second William, who was born on the 14th December 1777 and died two years before his elder brother. Josiah married Sarah Carbutt of Leeds, who survived him; they had sons and daughters. Three of his sons were brought up as surveyors in their father's office in Sheffield. Shortly before his death Josiah severed his connexion with the Society of Friends and was by them `disunited.' His death occurred in 1844, at a time when he was over¬whelmed with work in connexion with the promotion of Bills in Parliament for the construction of railways. He died in his sixty-sixth year and apparently left no will; neither was administration to his estate granted at York or Somerset House. There are no books or papers in the collection relating to his estate or its distribution after his death. In the year 1800, Josiah assumed control at his father's office and during the following forty years or more he got through a very great amount of important work; amongst other things, he valued the whole of the Sheffield area for rating purposes, he found time to do the same for the township of Halifax, his ancestral home; and he had much to do with the Rivelin and Redmires reservoirs. In 1819 he undertook and carried through the construction of the road from Townhead in Sheffield to Glossop, along what is now West Street, Glossop Road, Manchester Road, Moscar, Ashopton and Snake. Prior to 1819, West Street was very limited in extent; it only existed between what is now Holly Street and Broomhall Street. Buildings blocked the east end of West Street, at the Holly Street crossing; and all incoming traffic turned along Holly Street either north to Trippet Lane or south to Balm Green and Coal Pit Lane now Cambridge Street. At the other end West Street became a footpath; and all traffic, other than pedestrians, had to turn south down Broomhall Lane now Broomhall Street. This costly undertaking could only be carried out with the authority of Parliament; but when the work was completed in 1820, the town had acquired one of its finest approach roads from the west; a new and more direct route between Sheffield and Manchester was opened for wagons, postchaises and mail coaches. On the death of Josiah in 1844, his eldest son William Fairbank Fairbank continued the Sheffield business, where he had been helping his father for some years, the firm of Josiah Fairbank and Son being at East Parade, as early as 1833. WILLIAM FAIRBANK FAIRBANK. William Fairbank Fairbank was born in 1805 and married Frances Royston Fisher of Chesterfield. From a Sheffield Directory, we find him living at South Street in 1841. He was trained as a surveyor by his father and was a partner at the time of the latter's death. His two brothers John Tertius Fairbank and Josiah Forster Fairbank were also for some time at their father's office in East Parade. At the death of his father, William Fairbank Fairbank was left with much Parliamentary work on hand; and the disaster which befell the great railway enterprises of 1844-5 with the panic which followed, proved too much for his strength; and his health completely gave way. While in London on Parliamentary work in 1846 he had a stroke of paralysis and was taken to his home in Sheffield; but he only partially recovered and for two years he confined his work solely to what he could transact in his own office at Sheffield. In 1848 he had a further seizure and died in his garden on the 29th May, at the early age of 43 years. By his will he left the whole of his estate to his wife Frances, whom he appointed sole executrix; and she proved the will at York. With the death of William Fairbank Fairbank, the we11-known Sheffield firm of surveyors, that had flourished through four generations, came to an end. THE FAIRBANK COLLECTION: At this time the two surviving sons of Josiah Fairbank, John Tertius and Josiah Forster, both surveyors, were not living in Sheffield; and a friend of the family Mr Marcus Smith of Sheffield a surveyor and the sub-agent to the Duke of Norfolk, helped the widow to wind up the affairs of the office and bring the work of the Fairbanks in Sheffield to a close. The maps plans field-books drafts letters account-books and office-papers were included in the valuation for probate, and the Capital Burgesses bought some of the maps relating to their lands; other clients of the office seized the opportunity of doing the same. What remained were bought by Mr Marcus Smith, and these now constitute The Fairbank Collection. Mr Smith kept it in his room at the Duke's office in Sheffield, until his death in 1882, when it passed to his widow Mrs Sarah Smith, the aunt of the late Mr Alfred Smith Denton of ` Raisin Hall near Sheffield surveyor, to whom she presented the collection in her lifetime; and it remained in his office at The Hartshead Sheffield, until his death in 1927. Whilst in his possession, the maps were always available for reference or production in court, and often proved of the greatest value in disputes as to rights of way or the boundaries of land or buildings; such as the ease heard at Leeds Assizes in March 1893, concerning an alleged right of way along the Angel Inn yard in Sheffield, when the question turned on evidence provided by a Fairbank plan, produced by Mr Denton. After his death, the collection was purchased by Mr Bennett, together with a share in Mr Denton's business of a surveyor of land and minerals. With the close of the Fairbanks' office in East Parade the story of the Fairbanks and their work in Sheffield comes to an end; but the family tradition of the Sheffield branch has been maintained in other parts of Yorkshire. JOSIAH FORSTER FAIRBANK AND HIS DESCENDANTS. During the years before the death of Josiah Fairbank in 1844, his son Josiah Forster Fairbank had been assisting him in his professional duties; and at his father's death he was residing in Sheffield; but when the railway `bubble' burst, followed by a period of great trade depression, Josiah Forster Fairbank decided to obtain some official appointment, and in 1847 he was elected engineer and secretary to the Pudsey Gas Company out of one hundred and fifty applicants; he removed from Sheffield to Pudsey in April 1847; this appointment he held until 1850, when he became engineer and secretary to the Scarborough Gas Company. While there he designed and constructed the Filey Gas and Waterworks and the Scarborough public baths. He was elected a member of the Institute of Civil Engineers in 1857; and resigned his position at Scarborough in 1860, moving to London where he had offices in Parliament Street Westminster and practised there for many years, during which time he designed and constructed a large number of works all over the country. In 1885 he, like his father, had a stroke of paralysis, from which he recovered sufficiently to take his son Frank Graham Fairbank into partnership, opening an office in Driffield, where he then had work in hand; and this branch-office was subsequently transferred to York, the London offices of the firm being given up. Josiah Forster Fairbank died in 1899 and his son Frank Graham Fairbank, who reside at York, continued his professional work as a civil engineer in partnership with his son Mr Alan Carbutt Fairbank under the style of Fairbank and Son, at The Tudor House, Stonegate, York, where the great tradition of the Sheffield Fairbanks is yet maintained. Among the family papers, now in the possession of Mr F. Graham Fairbank at York is a memoir by his father, containing much information as to his branch of the family; with it, are many silhouette family portraits, including those of the first and second William and Josiah; and through the kindness of Mr Fairbank and his son these silhouettes are here reproduced. THE FUTURE OF THE COLLECTION. With regard to The Fairbank Collection, there can be no question as to its extraordinary interest and especial value to the city of Sheffield. From it, complete and accurate information can be obtained as to ancient highways, bridle-sties, footpaths, turnpikes, canals, railways, reservoirs, aqueducts, water-courses, streets, bridges, wells, weirs, fords, leppings, water-wheels, windmills, gibbets, jails, stocks, markets, inns, theatres, assembly-rooms, churches, chapels, schools, crosses, pinfolds, burial-grounds, stiles, orchards, market-gardens, nurseries and coal-pits, with in many cases the date of construction. From it, we also get the names of landowners, their lessees or tenants and other material of use to the topographer and historian. This unique collection of maps and field-books, descriptive for the most part of lands and buildings within the extended boundaries of the city of Sheffield, has been since 1932, through the generosity and public spirit of Mr Bennett, the valued possession of the city to which it relates; and, as The Fairbank Collection, it is safely housed in the archives at the Sheffield Public Library, where it is accessible to those, most likely to make use of it, both now and in years to come. [1] At this date John Hirst lived at Neepsend.
  22. This article first appeared in the Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society, and is reproduced by kind permission of the Society. Thanks are also due to Gramps for the transcription. Notes in [ ] are listed at the end. SHEFFIELD TURNPIKES IN THE 18th CENTURY. By A. W. GOODFELLOW, M.A. THE sudden growth of Sheffield at the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth is partly a result and partly a contributory cause of increased and improved means of communication. How far, or in what proportions, this is true, cannot be stated with any precision, but it is clear that improved communications were deliberately sought for in order that Sheffield might prosper and grow. It is equally apparent that an increase of .trade stimulated the growth of Sheffield industries, and hence the town grew rapidly along the lines of the new or extended routes. Sheffield has always been isolated from other parts of the country and, indeed, from its near neighbours by lack of easy means of communication. Even the railways ignored the place. The chief reasons appear to have been its lying off the main routes, and the topographical difficulties of the town's immediate environs. It is cut off from the west by the almost impassable barrier of the High Peak and its foothills, and the eastward routes lie through low-lying country liable to extensive flooding. Hunter says : Until of late, Sheffield has always laboured under the disadvantage of being off the great thoroughfare of 'the country. In some respects, however, this may have been beneficial, since the town thereby escaped some of the worst effects of the mediaeval civil wars. Still this position kept it in retirement and obscurity from which it did not effectually emerge even when the first trunk lines of railway, connecting north and south, were planned. This difficulty in getting to the front gave the town a rustic character, and kept it for long in a rude condition.[1] It is not surprising, therefore, to find Sheffield trade described as "inconsiderable, confined and precarious." There were no townsmen described as "merchants" in the local Directory, the first Bankers did not set up in business till the 1770's, and there was almost no intercourse with other towns. Trade was carried on with the outside world by the casual visits of "chapmen." Goodwin, Vicar of Attercliffe, says: None presumed to extend this traffic beyond the bounds of this island, and most were content to wait the coming of a casual trader, or to carry their goods with great labour and expense to an uncertain market. . . [2] Hunter gives additional testimony of this isolation : There is living evidence of a primitive state of things which, when we contemplate into what dimensions the town has now expanded, seems scarcely credible. Within the recollection of an aged inhabitant, most of the cutlers' houses were small abodes, with a shop and a forge in the yard behind. You entered the low doorway by a step downwards, and the small written orders from the chapman who came round, and distributed his favours according to the samples shown, were stuck in the leaden casements of the windows, and formed a subject for comment by the passers-by. Very few of the manufacturers ventured to leave the town in search of custom. One who did so, has been described to us by his son as going off to some distant country fair, as Leipsic is still frequented, and sending his chattels in two or three heavily laden waggons the contents of which were disposed of in detail, an operation which would probably occupy a fortnight.[3] Leader says that Joshua Fox of West Bar was the first manufacturer to make a personal business visit to London, and he, before leaving, gave a farewell feast to his family and made his will. We are told that he walked to Mansfield on the first day and waited there for a number of travellers sufficiently large to brave the dangers of Nottingham Forest.[4] Goodwin, writing in 1797, says : About fifty years ago, Mr. Joseph Broadbent first opened an immediate trade with the Continent. . . . Master manufacturers began to visit the Metropolis ... in search of orders, with good success. . . . The roads began to be greatly improved and Britain and Ireland were explored in search of trade.[5] . . : It was not until the eighteenth century that the isolation of the town seems to have seriously inconvenienced local tradespeople. It was the prosperity of Liverpool, Manchester and Hull, which appears to have stimulated, if not inspired, a desire to share in the generally increasing trade of the country. It was easier access to these towns, and to London, and thence to the new markets of the Colonial powers, that was the object of the agitation in Sheffield to improve communications. Referring to the "Navigation," Hunter says : There were at that period (i.e., c. 1720) many persons at Sheffield who were aware that one great impediment to the extension of the commerce of the town was the difficulty of communication with the capital, and with the two ports of Liverpool and Hull. The inhabitants of Lancashire were making great improvements in the navigation of the Mersey; and there was a project much canvassed at Sheffield of making an excellent carriage-road over the Eastmoors to the first wharf constructed on that river.[6] The said project was not carried out, and Sheffielders turned their attention to their own river and its possibilities (about which a subsequent article may be published). Their most striking achievement was in the construction of a network of roads which did much to bring the town into comparatively easy reach of its neighbours. Gosling's map of Sheffield in 1736 shows a town of 9,695 inhabitants. Fairbank's map of 1771 shows a town of hardly greater extent, described by Goodwin in 1774 in these words: "The extent of the town from East to West is about half a mile, and from North to South about three quarters. . . ." [7] None of the early plans of the town gives any detailed information about its exits. The early maps of the surrounding country show three ill-defined routes, one wandering from the south, one, equally vague, leading north, and another, more clearly marked, following the Don to Rotherham and the east. The chief exit from the town was by way of Lady's Bridge, from which point two roads diverged. The more important one led to Rotherham. It was important because it conducted traffic to Tinsley, to which stage the River Don had been made navigable by an Act of 1726. Before that time most of the products of the district used the same road to Tinsley, but then went across country to Bawtry, which was then an important town and inland port. There the goods were shifted from packhorses to boat and carried down the River Idle to Stockwith on the Trent. There the goods were transhipped to larger boats, which took them to Hull en route for the Metropolis. Defoe, in his account of a tour through England, published in 1724, says : "The town of Bawtry becomes the centre of all the exportation of this part of the country, especially for heavy goods, which they bring down hither from all the adjacent counties, such as lead from the lead-mines and smelting-houses in Derbyshire, wrought iron and edge-tools of all sorts from the forges at Sheffield and from the country called Hallamshire, being adjacent to the towns of Sheffield and Rotherham, where an innumerable number of people are employed. Also millstones and grindstones in very great quantities are brought down and shipped off here, and so carried to Hull, and to London, and even to Holland also. This makes Bawtry Wharf be famous all over the south part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, for it is the place whither all their heavy goods are carried to be earmarked and shipped off". [8] It was the inconvenience of the land trip to Bawtry that led Sheffield tradespeople to consider the possibilities of using their own river as a direct water route to Hull, and therefore to agitate for improvement of the river and for the construction of a canal. Even when the canal was made (it was opened in 1819) the Tinsley road lost none of its significance. It crossed the river near Attercliffe. There is reason to believe that in earlier times it did not cross the river but to the south side, leaving the town by Sheaf Bridge. It was by this route that the Parliamentary Army approached to the assault on Sheffield Castle . [but, as been pointed out in another article, the roundheads would hardly have risked marching in over Lady’s Bridge directly beneath the castle walls !! Gramps ] Lady's Bridge also gave egress to the northern route. It led by the side of the Duke of Norfolk's Nursery to Bridgehouses, steeply to the right up Pye Bank, through the hamlet of Pitsmoor, on its way to Barnsley, Wakefield and York. A section of the old road may still be seen running parallel to and raised above the modern Barnsley Road at Abbeyfield, beyond the Toll Bar. This road was used in the last century, and up it toiled the chained gangs of prisoners on their way to York Assizes and Gaol. The southern route was by way of Far Gate, Barkers Pool, Coalpit Lane, and Button Lane to a hamlet called Little Sheffield, the track then crossed Sheffield Moor, rose to Highfield, dropped to Heeley, and then up a steep lane to the left past Newfield Green. At the end of the seventeenth century this lane "appeared to be a very ancient way, being worne very deep." Because of the great difficulty of this route, people were in the habit of cutting across the Duke's Park from Sheaf Bridge, but they did so only on sufferance after an enquiry as to right of way in 1692. At this enquiry, Nicholas Shiercliffe a cutler, aged 86, deposed : Before the unhappy Civil Wars broke out, the gate of the Park next Gleadleys-moor was, by order of the owner, four times every year stopped up to prevent the same being claimed as a highway, and several times I have seen the same chained up and the carriers' packhorses, carts and carriages stopped from going that way without leave or paying something. The ancient highway leading from Sheffield to the north-east part of Handsworth parish was through Attercliffe and Darnall; and the south-east side of the said parish through Little Sheffield, Heeley and Newfifield Green to London.[9] Another witness, David Lee of Attercliffe, said that he had known the London carriers to pay money for liberty to pass that way. When asked if he knew another road by the hospital along the top of the park-hill to the Intake, he answered that it was only a private way to the manour, till about seventy years before, it came to be much used. He further deposed that Sheaf Bridge was the only way into the park ; and that it was built and repaired by the lords, and that the roads through the park were also maintained at their expense. [10] The period of road reform and road making began about 1740, partly in order to meet local demands and partly as a local manifestation of the general interest being taken in the highways. That interest was caused by the needs of trade and was stimulated by the difficulties experienced by the Government in dealing with the Jacobite Rebellions of 1715 and 1745. Amendment of the roads was a common law obligation on the inhabitants of all parishes, reinforced by the Act of 1555. This Act directed that the parishioners should annually elect two surveyors, authorising them to require occupiers of land to attend each Midsummer with men, horses and carts in proportion to their holdings, and all other persons to bring their own tools and work for four days of eight hours. In 1562 this Statute labour was increased to six days per year. This method of road maintenance remained in operation until the passing of the General Highway Act of 1835. It was never satisfactory—the surveyors were amateur, their allocation of work partial, and the labour grudging and ineffective. It sufficed to maintain the parish roads from farm to farm, but was quite inadequate for the maintenance of trunk roads connecting various parts of the country. As the roads kept in such a way were hardly distinguishable from farm-tracks, made of earth, repair was a matter of filling ruts and removing loose material. The accounts for the repair of Pitsmoor road in 1759 include a sum of 3/4 for Two scrappels made by Mr Joulding of Chappeltown to pull in the ruts on the roadside. [11] It is easy to see into what condition such roads would be reduced by wintry weather or heavy traffic. In 1770 the toll-bar-keeper at Tomcross Lane sent in his statement of receipts for the year. The total was 4/3 ½. He excused the amount in a letter saying: "Sir, the reason of Tomcross Lane Barr taking no more cash this yr his by reason of the Lane and hedges being so exessife bad that nobody could get down but once this year—But I have served a warrant upon all the landholders betwen Tomcross Lane End and Grimesthorp and it his know in tolarable good condition which was ordered by a complaint to Mr Wilkinson". [12] It will be noted that the lane referred to was one of the new roads on which tolls were collected. Another illustration is provided by Defoe's complaint in 1724 : "One great difficulty here (i.e., Bedford) is that the country is so universally made up of a deep stiff clay, that tis hard to find any materials to repair the roads with, that may be depended upon. In some places they have a red sandy kind of slate or stone which they lay with timber and green faggots and puts them to a very great expense, but this stone does not bind like chalk' and gravel, or endure like flint and pebbles." [13] For most of their lengths the roads were unenclosed—that is, they were hedged and fenced only when they ran through private property, park or farm, but over commons and untilled lands there were no fences. Much of the apparently meaningless meanderings of our country roads was caused by the making of detours in such unfenced areas to avoid bad patches. Defoe records an instance of road widening of this sort, even on private land: "Here (i.e., from Hatfield to Stevenage) is that famous lane called Baldock Lane, famous for being so unpassable that the coaches and travellers were obliged to break out of the way even by force, which the people of the country not able to prevent, at length placed gates and laid their lands open, setting men at the gates to take a voluntary toll, which travellers always chose to pay, rather than plunge into sloughs and holes which no horses could wade through." [14] It became clear that the roads would never be of much use until new methods of maintenance and improved processes of construction were evolved. The former had been experimented with in the 17th century: the latter had to wait for Macadam. In order to augment the financial resources of the roadmenders, a system was devised whereby tolls were to be paid by all road users. By an Act of 1663, the Justices in Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire, were required to appoint surveyors to provide materials, to collect statute labour, and to pay for all labour required in excess. They were to appoint collectors of tolls to be levied at toll-gates at specific rates on all users of the road in question (the Great North Road). By this means the cost of repair of main roads was transferred from the parish to the user. The transfer was unwelcome to some travellers, who objected to paying for a service which before had cost them nothing. Riots often took place and toll-houses were demolished. The first toll-house erected on the Sheffield-Glossop Road was attacked by an angry Sheffield crowd. Following this precedent, innumerable Road Acts were passed in the 18th century. Local groups of substantial people formed themselves into committees to petition for a private Act of Parliament and became Trustees for a specified road or section of road, empowered to exercise such functions as those entrusted to the Justices in the Act of 1663 already quoted. In the initiation of the Sheffield schemes, a prominent part was played by the Burgery of Sheffield and the Cutlers' Company. The accounts of the Burgery contain an increasingly large number of items of expenditure incurred in the inauguration and financing of turnpike concerns. The Trustees began their public work of promoting trade by taking the initiative in, and subscribing heavily for, the Canal Scheme in 1722. The first reference to roads in these accounts reads : Nov. 20 (1739) Paid Mr Gilbert Dixon for making a Rentall and for the trouble he had about the Chesterfield Turnpike, £1 10s. 6d. [15] The Cutlers' Company joined the Town Trustees in this and other undertakings, apparently with the double motive of contributing to the material welfare of the town and at the same time of making some substantial profit from their investments. Here are a few entries in the Burgery accounts taken at random which are typical: 1756. Feb. 6. Paid half the expence of a meeting at Mr Watson's relating to Turnpike affairs, the Master Cutler paying the other half—£1 0s. 6d. Paid to Mr Dawson and Mr Fairbank on Turnpike account £31 17s. 2d. Paid postage of letter from Mr Dawson in London on Turnpike affairs 2/8. 1779. Jan. 11. Paid the expences of a meeting at Mr Kay's to peruse the intended bill to Parliament £1 15s. 0d. 1784. Oct. 4. At a public meeting of the Trustees this day at the Town Hall, pursuant to Public notice given by the Bellman, it was resolved that it will be of public utility to open a carriage road from Waingate to Newhall Street agreeable to the plan drawn by William Fairbank. . . . 1784. Dec. 1. John Winter, Town Collector, credits the Town with £1870 0s. 8d. including interest received from the Penistone Turnpike £14 . . . Wakefield Turnpike interest £10 . . . Sparrow Pit Gate £12 ... Chesterfield Turnpike interest £32. 1795. Oct. 22. Payment of two further calls subscribed 'for the purpose of diverting the Chesterfield Turnpike' £50. The money to finance the turnpikes was raised by public subscription, the interest being secured upon the annual sale by auction of the tolls to be collected. It was the necessity of paying off these mortgages that compelled the frequent renewal of Turnpike Trusts throughout the 19th century. Two illustrations of the sort of people who contributed to the turnpikes follow. The former is taken from the rough draft of the Secretary's statement of the indebtedness of the Sheffield-Wakefield Trust in 1776 (seventeen years after its formation) : Debts remaining on the Road : Duke of Norfolk 1200 Duke of Devonshire 600 Marquis of Rockingham 600 Earl of Stafford 900 Mrs Wood 800 Mrs Mawhood 400 Sir Thos. Wentworth 300 Mrs E. Robinson 300 Town Collector 200 Total—£5,300. [16] The second illustration comes from the same Trust and from a memorandum of interest payments made in the year 1769. Whilst repeating some of the names included in the former list, it contains a reference to a club of small contributors. The interest was paid at either 4 or 5 per cent: Interest Payments made in 1769 : £ Norfolk ... ... 48 Devonshire ... ... 24 Rockingham ... 24 Stafford ... ... 36 Wentworth ...... ... ... 25 Town Collector ... 18 Finch ... ... 5 Silkstone Club ... 10 Mrs Wood (i) ... 30 Mrs Robinson ... 7 10 0 Mrs Fisher ... 2 10 0 Total—£230. [17] The tolls to be collected were fixed by the Act of Parliament for making the road in question, and varied slightly with time and place. They were the maximum charges and might be lowered by the trustees. The tolls on the Sheffield-Wakefield Road were fixed in 1759 on the following tariff, which may be taken as typical: Tolls to be taken at every Barr as follows : For every Coach, Berlin, etc. s. d. drawn by 6 horses ... ... ... 2 0 „ 4 horses ... ... ... 1 6 „ 2 horses ... ... ... 6 For every Postchaise drawn by 4 horses 1 0 For every Postchaise or Chair drawn by 1 horse ... ... ... 3 For every waggon etc. drawn by 4 horses ... ... ... ... .... ... ..10 3 horses ...... ... ... .... ... ... ... . 9 2 horses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 1 horse ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 For every pair of millstones, if drawn in pairs, and for every single millstone or block of stone, or piece of timber, drawn by 5 or more horses or beasts of draught... 2 6 For every horse, mare, etc.. going unladen to fetch coal, or which shall be laden with coal, or returning empty having delivered such lading ... ... ... 0 ½ For every other horse, mare, etc. laden or unladen, and not drawing ... ... 1 For every drove of oxen and neat cattle per score ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 For every drove of calves, swine, sheep and lambs per score ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 The above tolls were settled in the country and should not be varied without the consent of the subscribers, yet Mr Bagshaw proposes that horses drawing coals shall pay 2d a horse which by the above list would pay 3d, a very material difference, a reduction of a third on an article which is expected to raise a good deal of tolls must consequently weaken the subscribers' security and for aught that can be known, make it very bad. . . .[18] Exemptions from such charges were made to the mails, military horses, carriages of those going to and from church or election, waggons used in husbandry, beasts going to water or pasture, and people of influence in the district. Local gentry and proprietors of stage-coaches could compound for their annual tolls by an agreed payment. Toll charges varied according to the number of horses per vehicle, the weight of the vehicle, and the width of the wheel. The trustees were, of course, anxious to prevent damage to their property, and tried to regulate the speed of traffic by charging higher rates for increasing numbers of horses. They tried to discourage the passage of very heavy burdens by similar means. To check the weight they installed "weighing engines," as at Sandall in 1800. Their chief care was to prevent the cutting-up of the surface by narrow tyres. Attempts were made by legislation to prohibit the use of waggons with wheels less than nine inches wide, and permitted the reduction of tolls in ratio of increased width. A local illustration of the importance of this question is provided in the records of the Sheffield-Duffield Trust, where reference is made to the width of wheels and to permission to use extra horses for haulage on specified hills between certain named points : It appearing to us on the oath of Saintforth Wroe of Longley in the county of York, Gent., being a person experienced in levelling, that the rise of the following hills upon the said Turnpike Road are about 4 inches in a yard, we do hereby allow to be drawn up the same hills, between the posts hereinafter mentioned, waggons having the soles or bottom of the fellies of the wheels of the breadth of 9 inches with 10 horses, and carts having the like wheels with 6 horses, and waggons of the wheels of the breadth of 6 inches with 7 horses, and carts having the like wheels with 5 horses, and waggons having wheels of less breadth than 6 inches with 5 horses, and carts with like wheels with 4 horses. (Then follows a list of hills beginning) The Hill called Derbyshire Lane lying in the Parish of Norton in the county of Derby, between the post marked (Put on) and the post marked (Take off) being 513 yards in length. . . . [19] Another illustration is provided on the Sheffield-Wakefield Road in an order dated Nov. 19, 1759, which reads : Notice is hereby given that the Surveyors and Barr-keepers employed on this Turnpike Road from Sheffield to Wakefield are strictly ordered by the Trustees thereof to seize all Horses drawing carriages with narrow wheels upon the said Road, above the number allowed by law, and to prosecute all persons offending in that respect.[20] The method of construction of roads is amply described in the records of several local Trusts. First, accurate surveys of the intended route were made, and in the Sheffield group the firm of Fairbank was extensively used. They made carefully numbered and coloured plans, noting the owners of all adjacent plots of land, and listing in a book of reference deposited with the Clerk of the Peace, those owners who assented to or disagreed with the proposed road. Diversions were often made from the original route, sometimes to avoid difficult gradients, sometimes in order to tap a district likely to be profitable, and sometimes merely to suit the convenience of landowners. Negotiations had to be entered into with the owners of property. The following appears in a series of questions put to Counsel in 1759 for an opinion as to the legality of closing certain roads at Sandall in order to monopolise traffic: In the new schemed road through Sandall . . . some corners of closes are designed to be taken into the road . . . The largest of these corners is part of a close of Mr. Barber's. This Mr. Barber (a staymaker in Wakefield) has a house adjoining the Cock and Bottle, and for the convieniency of this house would like to have the road go close by it. In which if he is not gratified he will be as perverse as possible. He told me if the Commissioners entered into his ground it should be because he could not hinder them. . . .[21] Another reference to the same sort of argument, and about the same section of the road, appears in a private letter from the agent of the Earl of Strafford, under the date September 27, 1760. ". . . You enquire after the amount of the tolls and the temper of the people about Wakefield. The latter is what it always was— bad, very bad. One comfort they have that as many as please can go round by Okenshaw (a long and very bad way) and come in at Agbridge turnpike. Some actually do this of which I never hear speak but I laugh heartily. Such as were most strenuous for the Cock and Bottle represented it as folly to imagine that any would go so far as the bottom of Sandall Common to save a penny . . . whereas in fact they go five times as far and ten times worse way to save a halfpenny . . . such sordid dogs dwell in this country. . . "[22] The actual construction was contracted out to surveyors, who could call for statute labour, as is illustrated by this notice dated 1759 : "In pursuance of an Act of Parliament passed the last Session for repairing the road from Leeds to Sheffield in the county of York, I, James Brook of Sheffield aforesaid, Bricklayer, being duly appointed Surveyor of so much of the said road as lies between Lady's Bridge at Sheffield aforesaid and a place called Hood Hill, otherwise Hood Hollings, do hereby give you notice and require you to give in and deliver to me within seven days from the date hereof, an exact list or account in writing under your hand of the Christian and surname of all and every person and persons in your Township of Brightside Bierley who are by law obliged to do their statute work for the present year, with teams and draughts or otherwise and the number of day's work which each person ought to do on the said road in the said township—and that you do also set forth and specify in such list what each person is respectively chargeable with for and towards the same and herein fail not as you will answer the contrary at your peril" .[23] Materials were bought or simply taken from unused land in the neighbourhood as is shown in this deed of 1759 : "We whose hands and seals are hereunder set being appointed trustees ... do elect, nominate and appoint William Robinson of Otley in the county of York, yeoman, and John Robinson of the same, yeoman, surveyors of that District or Division lying between the Wicker in Brightside Bierley and the Rivulet at the north end of a Lane called Sheffield Lane in the Parish of Ecclesfield, and do give unto them full power and authority to dig, take and carry away any gravel, furzed heath, stones, sand, or other materials out of any wast or common, river or brook, of or in any parish, town village or hamblet in or near which the said road or some part of it doth lie. . .".[24] Where this is not sufficient, authority was given in this deed to dig from anybody's land not being either park or tilled. Amongst the materials locally used are : various sorts of stone, flag, cinders from the local forges, gannister (sometimes from Crookesmoor), "furniss pots" (as used in making Division Street), stakes and rails, lime and cowshair for pointing masonry, gravel, sand, and "Mook" as it is called in some bills for "leading." Each road was made in a manner similar to that described in a form of contract for the making of the road through Pitsmoor : "To cast a bed twenty four feet broad betwixt ditch and ditch in the lanes, and thirty feet betwixt ditch and ditch on the commons, to cover the same with stone twenty foot broad, eight inches thick at the edge by eighten inches high in the middle, and the stone to be laid in three coverings : first eight inches of strong stone eight inches thick, second covering six inches of middleing broke stone, and third covering four inches thick of small broke stone, these to be laid on in a circular manner and then to be ribbed or backed up with earth." [25] It should not be assumed that the new method made the roads in any way perfect. The dirt at the sides of the road tended to slip and frost caused the crust to break. Since the stones used remained loose, ruts were just as prevalent as before. There is no reason to suppose that the local roads were in any way much different from the roads being made throughout the country in this century. Arthur Young, writing ten years after the making of the turnpike of the Tinsley Road, says: "From Rotherham to Sheffield the road is execrably bad, very stony, and excessively full of holes." [26] He is, however, no kinder to other Yorkshire roads. He says, 1770 : "One remark however I should add, which is that those who go to Methley by Pontefract must be extremely fond of seeing houses, or they will not recompense the fatigue of passing such detestable roads. They are full of ruts, whose gaping jaws threaten to swallow up any carriage less than a waggon. It would be no bad precaution to yoke half a score of oxen to your coach to be ready to encounter such quagmires as you will here meet with." [27] It will be realised that fast travel by "Flying Coach" was not possible till Macadam's method of construction was adopted. This consisted of surfacing the road with a layer not of paving stones but of stones irregularly broken into pieces the size of a fist, which would by the weight of traffic be compressed into a coherent mass. Macadam was consulted by the trustees of the Sheffield and Glossop Road, and his son received the contract for the supervision of the making of that road. The new method may be contrasted with the old by reference to the following, which is taken from the specification for the alterations to the Chesterfield Road at Highfields. Its date is 1840. "The Contractor to provide the stone for the formation of the road, which is to be broken to the size not exceeding three inches in diameter, to be spread on the road-ten yards in width and ten inches in depth and after the same is properly consolidated, the hardstone from the old road to be broken so as to pass through a 2¼ inch ring, the same to be spread in two separate coverings, the first being three inches deep and the other two inches deep, the second covering not to be laid on until the first has been worn down firm and level by vehicles passing over it, and in case there should be a deficiency of the old materials, the Contractor to furnish limestone from Middleton Dale . . . The Contractor at all times after each covering of stone, to-keep it level by raking so that it may not become rutted by vehicles passing over it until the same becomes consolidated." [28] The extent of the improvements effected in the condition of the roads is indicated by the increased use made of them. It is said that Joshua Wright of Mansfield in 1710 started a service by "Stage-waggon" from Sheffield to London. The first coach was run by Samuel Glanville, landlord of "The Angel," from Leeds to London in 1760. The great advantages offered by the new roads is shown by the numbers of coaches and carriers' carts in service at the end of that century. The Directory of 1787 publishes a list of eleven coaches leaving the town, of which seven were on a daily service; and no fewer than twenty-seven waggons leaving every week or every two or three days, even for places as far away as Exeter, Carlisle, Darlington and the North, Liverpool and Hull. The Directory of 1821 gives a list of sixteen carriers and thirty-six coaches. Perhaps the decline in the number of the former is accounted for by the increase in the number of coaches, for where speed was required, the coach was used in preference, especially after the rate of carriage was reduced to l|d. a pound. The heavier goods were at the same period being conveyed by canal. The fares by stage-coach worked out at 2½d. to 3d. a mile "outside" and 4d. to 5d. a mile "inside." By mail-coach they were 4d. to 5d. "outside" and 8d. to l0d. "inside." Typical fares from Sheffield were: to York 11/- and 7/-; to Leeds 5/- and 3/-; to Birmingham 8/- and 6/-; and to London 37/-. Posting by private chaise was necessarily much dearer. In his Recollections, Lord W. P. Lennox says: "Ten miles an hour, including stoppages, was about the average posting, and the charge for a pair of horses, post-boys, ostler, and Turnpikes, amounted to about 2/- a mile." [29] The revenues derived from the tolls are indicated by the statements of the collections which appear in the frequent advertisements published in the local press, inviting attention to the sales of tolls by public auction. Here are a few taken at random from the columns of the Sheffield Iris: TOLLS TO LET. (1) Three Lane Ends near Little Sheffield to Sparrowpit Gate; (2) Guide Post near Barber Fields Cupola to Buxton. Tolls called Sharrow Moor Head, Ringinglow, Mytham Bridge and Stone Bench Gate. One year's tolls : £ Sharrow Moor Head 240 Ringinglow 421 Mytham Bridge 273 Stone Benches 149 (Mar. 30 1798) Tolls on the road from Derby : Makeney Bar and Side Gate 87 4 0 Henge Bar 157 13 0 Hallfield Gate Bar 108 10 4 Clay Cross Bar 92 4 8 Birdholme Bar 151 13 0 Stone Gravels Bar 266 7 6 Birchett Bar (for seven months before Coal Aston) 222 14 6 Healey Bar and Side Gate 391 0 6 Total exclding expenses 1477 7 6 (June 29 1798) Tolls on the Sheffield- Wakefield Road : Barnsley Old Mill 435 Hangmanstone Bar 224 Coit Lane Bar 173 Pitsmoor Bar 251 (Sept. 28 1798) Details of one year's takings at Old Mill Bar from October 1760 to October 1761 were as follows : Totals for months less salary £1 1s. 0d. October 1760 ... ... ... 12 11 9 ¾ November ... ... ... 6 15 7 ¼ December ... ... ... 6 11 8 ½ January 1761 ... ... 6 9 8 ¼ (including a bad debt) February ... ..; ... 6 15 9 ¾ March ... ... ..'. ... 7 1 8 ¾ April ... ... ... ... 7 0 4 ½ - May ... ... ... '... 13 16 5 ½ June ... ... ... ... 9 17 9 ¼ July ... ... ... ... 10 0 0 ¾ August ... ... ... 9 17 3 ¼ September ... ... ... 9 12 9 ½ October ... ... ... 11 10 10 [30] Sample daily records kept in manuscript by the same Barkeeper are interesting: [31] It will be noted that no stage coaches appear in these lists. The reason is that the proprietors paid an annual composition, and the Barkeeper kept a special account. Later Barkeepers were supplied with huge printed folios with every category of vehicle and animal allotted its proper place. The list of turnpikes that follows includes the main routes and ignores connecting lanes, and is confined to the period earlier than 1820. The roads are arranged in chronological order of the Acts of Parliament which sanctioned their turnpiking or construction. Of such Acts there are some twenty-two passed between 1739 and 1818 dealing with turnpike undertakings directly affecting the main roads through Sheffield, and not counting the numerous Acts for the enlargement or modification of original schemes. 1. SHEFFIELD-DERBY. Sheffield and Derby, or Duffield Trust. Turnpiked by an Act of 1756. The original route was London Road, across Meersbrook Park, Derbyshire Lane, across Graves Park, Little Norton, near Coal Aston, to Unstone, Whittington Hill and Whittington Moor to Chesterfield. In 1795 the route was altered to avoid the steep pull up Derbyshire Lane, Coal Aston and Whittington Moor. The new line followed the modern route in general. In 1825 a short diversion was made in order to take the road on its present line past Meadow Head. 2. SHEFFIELD-BUXTON, AND -CHAPEL. Sheffield-Buxton and Sheffield-Chapel-en-le-Frith Joint Trusts, 1758. These roads went to Ringinglow Toll Bar together, by way of Sheffield Moor, Highfields, Sharrow Lane, Psalter Lane and Ringinglow Road. At that point they diverged. The Chapel Branch went over the Cupola to Hathersage, thence to Castleton by the modern line, and then up the Winnats to Sparrowpit and Chapel. The other branch went along Ankirk (or Houndkirk) Road to Fox House, down to Grindleford, up the Sir William, through Hucklow and Tideswell to Buxton. A diversion was made to avoid the Sir William in 1795 by way of Calver and Stoney Middleton. The modern route to Fox House from Ecclesall via Dore Moor was made in 1812. 3. SHEFFIELD-WAKEFIELD. Sheffield and Wakefield Trust. Turnpiked by an Act of 1758. This road followed the ancient route—Nursery, Bridgehouses, Pye Bank, Pitsmoor, to Chapeltown and Barnsley. Diversions were made via Spital Hill and Burngreave in 1835-6. Drake, writing in 1840 about the new Railway Station in Sheffield (at the Wicker), says: Along the high ground on the left runs the new road to Barnsley. It gradually declines away from the railway in the direction of the old road with which it forms a junction at Pitsmoor Bar. The design of ijs formation was to avoid the tremendous ascent of Pye Bank, which all who have ever left Sheffield by the north road will not fail to remember. [32] An interesting comment on the state of this road is made in 1829 by James Mills, a surveyor. He writes : "I cannot doubt that the Trustees of this road . . . will no longer tolerate the existence of the barbarous declivities which disgrace the present Turnpike Road between Sheffield and Barnsley, to the manifest injury of both towns and the general commerce of the country . . . "(He speaks of the)" substitution of a good line of road for an incorrigibly bad one, for it is notorious that the Inns of Sheffield prefer sending their posting by way of Doncaster to avoid the hills on the present Road . . ," [33] 4. SHEFFIELD-BAWTRY. Sheffield-Bawtry Trust, 1759. This is the road which leads off the Rotherham Road just beyond the Canal Bridge. The Tinsley section followed the present route from the Wicker with the exception of a loop up Spital Hill and to Hall Carr, which was straightened out in 1806. 5. SHEFFIELD-WORKSOP. Attercliffe-Worksop Trust, 1764. This road diverged from the Tinsley Road at Attercliffe, and went by Worksop Road and Darnall to Handsworth and Aston. 6. SHEFFIELD-BASLOW. This road is a combination of several roads. The section between Barbrook Mill and Baslow was part of the Chesterfield-Hernstone Lane Head (Tideswell) Trust which was continued by an Act of 1759. The section from Owler Bar to Totley was part of the Greenhill Moor-Hathersage Trust created by an Act of 1781. An Act for making the road between the end of Sharrow Lane and Totley (i.e., Abbeydale Road) was passed in 1802, though the road was not completed till 1821. At this last date the whole road between Sheffield and Baslow was transferred to the care of the Greenhill-Hathersage Trust. The route followed was the modern one. 7. SHEFFIELD-DONCASTER. Tinsley-Doncaster Trust, 1764. This road joined the Sheffield-Tinsley road at Bawtry Road. It lay almost exactly on the present route. Its maintenance was a matter of concern to the proprietors of the River Dun Company as it led to that point to which the river had been made navigable. 8. SHEFFIELD-PENISTONE-HALIFAX. Sheffield and Halifax Trust, Penistone Division, 1777. This road led from Shalesmoor along the modern line with the exception of a section which ran through Greno Wood and which the local folk still call "the old coach road." It was diverted through Parson Cross and Barnes Green in 1826. 9. SHEFFIELD-MANSFIELD. Sheffield-Gander Lane Trust. Turnpiked by an Act of 1779. The route was the modern one—City Road, Intake, Mosbrough, Eckington, Barlborough at Gander Lane and so to Mansfield. 10. SHEFFIELD-FROGGATT. Greenhill Moor-Hathersage Trust, created 1781. This road went from Greenhill cross-roads via Bradway, Dronfield Woodhouse and Holmesfield to Owler Bar, and then across the moors to the top of Froggatt Edge. It crossed the slope apparently just above the line of railway at Grindleford Station to Hathersage Booth, where it turned sharply down the hill to Hazelford and so to Hathersage. The southern exit from Hathersage led through Hazelford above the line of wood on the other side of the river until it joined the Sir William. This route was altered to the present line through Fall Cliffe Wood to Grindleford in 1825. A branch of the Greenhill-Hathersage road was provided in 1781 from Totley to Stoney Middleton—the modern road down Froggatt Edge. 11. SHEFFIELD-LANGSETT. Wadsley-Langsett Trust, 1805. At this date the road diverged from the Sheffield-Penistone Road at Catchbar Lane. The new road was an extension to the end of Penistone Road near St. Philip's Church, and was made between 1837 and 1840. It followed the modern line through Middlewood, Oughtibridge and Stocksbridge—called by Fairbank "a beautiful and romantic valley." Over the section from Shalesmoor to the bridge at Holme Lane, Fairbank was engaged in litigation in order to get paid for his services. 12. SHEFFIELD-GLOSSOP. Sheffield-Glossop Trust. Turnpiked by an Act of 1818 and opened for traffic in 1821. Much was hoped for from this road, as it led more directly to Manchester. It was a very expensive undertaking because of the gradients, and the Dukes of Norfolk and Devonshire contributed heavily. The route is the modern one—Crosspool, Rivelin, Moscar and the Snake. A branch was made from Moscar to Langsett—Mortimer's Road. The foregoing list of new and reorganised routes and roads represents great enterprise and expenditure. Their effect is to be seen in the considerable use of them and in the stimulus thus given to Sheffield industry. Their efficiency is to be observed in the speeding up of transport. This may be illustrated by the times of the coach journeys. When Samuel Glanville of the "Angel" optimistically advertised in 1760 liis intention to run a coach to London, he concluded his announcement with this sentence— "Performed, if God permit, by John Handforth, etc. . . ." The trip took three days. In 1787 the same journey was done in twenty-six hours, and the last Sheffield Mail did the distance in sixteen hours. The earliest Mail Coaches travelled at six miles an hour, but the speed was increased to twelve in their heyday. In 1836, thirteen coaches were advertised to leave "The Tontine" and "The King's Head" daily. The coaches and the new Turnpikes were doomed as soon as the North Midland Railway was brought past and northwards of Sheffield. Dr. Gatty writes their epitaph : Everyone formerly knew the Tontine Hotel; it was a standing institution of the town. At the Commercial and King's Head Inns the mail and stage-coaches generally changed horses, whilst the Tontine was the great posting house. Twenty horses and five post-boys were always ready when the yard-bell rang, and the call was given "First pair out!" As many as forty pairs of horses have been supplied in one day, by borrowing from other inns, and the highest personages of Europe have been drawn from the shadow of the venerable archway ... on their way to York or Doncaster. At one time the respected host had as many as three hundred horses standing at different stages for changing . . . and when the Midland line was opened as far as Derby, a temporary stimulus was given to the posting business. But when the line was extended past Sheffield to Normanton, the whole posting establishment collapsed at once. Twelve pairs of horses were wanted one day, the last on which there was any demand, for on the morrow the road was forsaken, and the whole stud of the proprietor had to be sold at any price. Thus, in a short while, one of the fine old inns of former times, in the courtyard of which a carriage and four could be easily driven round, came to grief. It was pulled down in 1850 to make room for the present market-house. . . .[34] Notes 1 Hunter, Hallamshire, p. 153. 2 Goodwin, q. in Sketchley's Directory, 1774, p. 19. 3 Hunter, HallamMre, p. 168. ... 4 Leader, Reminiscences of Sheffield, p. 105. 5 Directory—Sheffield, pub. Robinson, quoting Uoodwin in "Description of Sheffield." 6 Hunter, Hallamshire, p. 154. 7 Directory of Sheffield, 1774. 8 Defoe, Tour through England and Wales, Everyman edn., II, p. 181. 9 Hunter, HaUamshire (1869), p. 334. 10 Ibid., p. 333. 11 Tibbitts Collection, 365/52. 12 Tibbitts Collection, 363/73. 13 Defoe, Tour of England and Wales, II, p. 122. 14 Ibid., p. 122. 15 Leader, Records of the Burgery. 16 Tibbitts Collection, 364/63. 17 Tibbitts Collection, 364/24. 18 Tibbitts Collection, 363/2. 19 Tibbitts Collection, 363/11. 20 Tibbitts Collection, 363/34. 21 Tibbitts Collection, 363/35. 22 Tibbitts Collection, 363/4002. 23 Tibbitts Collection, 363/20. 24 Tibbitts Collection, 363/24. 25 Tibbitts Collection, 363/26. 26 Young, Northern Tour. 27 Ibid. 28 C. P. (Fairbank) 21/54. 29 My Recollections from 1806-1873, Vol. I, p. 119. 30 Tibbitts Collection, 363/43. 31 Tibbitts Collection, 363/43. 32 Drake, Road Book of the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway, 1840. 33 C.P.22, 126 34 Hunter, Hollomshire, p. 199.
  23. HughW

    Davison Family

    A couple of discrepancies, but the ages and birthplaces match the 1841 census: 1851 census piece 2337 folio 321 page 24 Ct 9 Carver St (Ecclesall Bierlow) Geo DAVIDSON Head Marr 64 DBY die sinker DBY Chesterfield Mary DAVIDSON Wife Marr 56 scissor burnisher Sheffield Ann DAVIDSON Dau Unm 28 washer woman Sheffield Carver St is close to Coal Pit Lane (which is now called Cambridge St). The different spelling of this surname is always likely to happen. The change in occupation is more unexpected. I think this is the burial of Mary: Burial at St Paul's, Pinstone St DAVISON Mary 30 May 1852 57y Carver St wi George No sign of George in this graveyard, or anywhere else I have checked. There are these two children at St Paul's: Burials at St Paul's DAVISON Sarah 4 Mar 1821 da George [no age listed] DAVISON George 25 Sep 1822 1y so George In the 1841 census there is an Ann DAVISON aged 17 who is a servant in the household of a solicitor in Paradise Square (ref piece 1338/2 folio 51 page 41) Hugh
  24. Guest

    Davison Family

    I wonder if anyone has any information on my ancesters...DAVISON They lived around Sheffield town center and then Burngrave From at least 1800s to 1901.. I have particular interest in George Davison aged 50 on 1841 census living with wife Mary two sons William and Henry at 65 Coal Pit lane.Any Information would be very helpful.....andyd
  25. RichardB

    Pocket Watch by Lomas Clapson

    http://youle.info/history/fh_material/attercliffe_p3.html THE STORY OF Old Attercliffe (pt 3) G.R. VINE B.Sc. WASHFORD ROAD. THE Washford area is full of interest although a hasty glance would not justify the statement. Three centuries ago, William Spencer, of Attercliffe Hall, who died in 1649, was a land-owner here, seemingly in the Faraday road vicinity, and also held " at will " from the lord of the manor some nineteen acres of the Forge Meadow north-east of his freehold. The Fairbank papers from 1757 onward indicate many land transactions in Washfordia, among them this very suggestive one, that in 1792, Wm. and Jno. Hartop proposed to take part of Washford Meadow for 99 years. As shown on page 72 Joseph Ward and Joseph Read were proprietors in 1819 of nearly eleven acres of meadow land through which now run Washford and Faraday roads and Trent street. It is worth remembering that prior to 1794, when this section of the main road was made, there was a continuity between the northern area and the triangle outlined by Stoke street, the river and the said road. By the middle of the 19th century, although rural features had not completely disappeared, that forerunner of industrial development, the necessary though inartistic brickyard, had claimed part of our ground. The ordnance map of that time shows an " old brick kiln " on Jonathan Oakes' croft of thirty years before and a small building at the brickyard entrance' near the bridge. No other buildings west of the corn-mill estate are indicated except the six dwelling-houses forming Bridge terrace, built by Jonathan Wood about 1850. In 1855 Thomas Edward Mycock, a most enterprising business man, owned some pasture land and a brickyard here, whilst Thomas Wilkinson appears to have looked afterhis employer's interests from the little office already mentioned. Six years later Mycock had succeeded Melling, Carr and Company at the Don Glass Works, which were situated just beyond the chemical works in Faraday road on the river side. Yet further, he was a brick' maker at Broad Oak Green, Ecclesall ; a quarry owner along the Intake road, a plumber, glazier, painter, builder and contractor, and a dealer in terra-cotta ware, drain pipes, etc. etc., with an office at No. 108 Fargate, or in modern terms, in Barker's Pool between the City Hall and the Cinema House. To Mr. J. M. Furness's 'I Record of Municipal Affairs in Sheffield from 1843 to 1893 " we are indebted for a few details of his public life. He was a member of our first Town Council in 1843, representing St. Peter's ward until November, 1846. Then in May, 1851, he was elected with six others to the Aldermanic Bench, a position he occupied until his death on August 6th, 1865. It is well to note that William Jeffcock, of High Hazels, Darnall, was our first mayor, and that George Hill, William Marriott and John Shaw were our Attercliffe representatives on that first Council. Charier. Gibson, joiner and builder, a new-comer to Attercliffe from Lord street, Park, was one of the pioneer builders in Carlton and Washford roads, commencing with two houses (2s. 9d. per week 1), a house and retail shop, and a house, shop, and shed, all " near Washford Bridge," where industrial developments eventually gave us the Warwickshire Furnishing Company's place. Mr. J. A. Shepherd, of City Road, an Attercliffe man " bred and born " (to use the old, old phrase), a very helpful correspondent of mine, writes " behind the large house, still standing, to the rear of the Warwickshire, with windows facing the bridge, in the next yard below was another house similarly situated but larger, built by Mr. Gibson and occupied by a Mr. Lee, sheet- roller at the Baltic Works,. who had four sons, John, George, Tom, Fred, all of whom worked at the same place and at the same trade. Tom Lee married a sister of Mr. R. H. Ramsden, the well-known Fargate hatter." Another of Mr. Shepherd's reminiscences takes us back to the eighteen -twenties, but refers primarily to the opposite corner of the bridge : " My mother, born in 18,15, as a girl had to carry water for domestic purposes from the river, thankful for the steps that led down from the bridge corner. People had to buy drinking water at a halfpenny per bucketful, unless they were fortunate enough to be near a well or a pump." In the early sixties Mrs. Teresa Lee was the landlady of nine houses in the road, the rents varying from 2s. 7d. to 5s. 4d. per week. Her residence, the larger house referred to above, has now disappeared, giving place to Wm. Cook and Sons' Glasgow Steel Works, which seem to gaze across the river at their older neighbour, John Fowler's Don Foundry, erected in the early 'seventies, the firm reaching back through several generations as the Sheaf Foundry in Exchange lane, off Furnival road, the site of which lane is now covered in part by W. H. Smith and Son's premises. A dozen tenements-including the Bridge Inn at the eastern cornerowned by John Brimelow and George Rhodes, appear to have ended the 1861 building activities in the road, but by 1864 several centres of industry were here established: Cundy Bros., Attercliffe men, John, Jonathan and William, millwrights and engineers, brass and iron founders : Reid Holliday, a Huddersfield man, ammonia and chemical pitch manufacturer: Hornby and Elliott, chemists and druggists sit No. 13 High street, part of the site of the present Sheffield Telegraph Buildings, acid makers at the Don Vitriol Works (now the Sheffield Chemical Works): William Leggoe, edge tool and cast steel fork maker. Pass on to 1876 and note Castle and Turton, Premier Works, scythe makers: James Law and Company, Washford Works, engineers and ironfounders: Henry Whitton, Effingham Steel Works, crinoline. steel makers: William Metcalf, tar distiller: Hornby, Fairburn and Company, Sheffield Chemical Works (Edward Preston Hornby as in 1864 above, of Richmond: Jno. Fairburn, in '62 a lead merchant, No. 3 Hartshead ; residence, Fairfield, Broomhall Park): E. W. Oakes and Company, sweep smelters, refiners and bullion dealers, brass founders, Washford Smelting Works. To correlate our industrial wanderings with the rural life of half-a-century earlier, turn to the Fairbank 1819 map on page 72: run your eye along the eastern boundary lines of plots 45 and 46 and continue that direction to the top of the letter j in the name Joseph Read. Translating into actual movement, we have walked from the Bridge Inn, along the right-hand pavement of Washford road, and stopped at the Sheffield Chemical Works. GEORGE JACKSON. We cannot leave Washford road without a paragraph .about one of its best-known people in bygone days. Note his last advertisement in Hartleys' Almanac for 1887: "Why go to George Jackson's? Because he has for twenty-three years supplied goods of a genuine and reliable quality. Then why go elsewhere?" Prom 1864 to his death in 1887 he occupied part of the Gibson property next to the Bridge (see p. 90), having the premises adjusted to his requirements as the years went by. An honoured Atterclevian, Mr. W. W. Chisholm, writing his In Memoriam notice for the same year, said ,Where is the sage and genial George Jackson ? To him let us pay a tribute of warm and unfeigned esteem. Never man sought more devotedly and disinterestedly the welfare of his neighbours, and rarely has quiet, plodding perseverance been more genuinely appreciated. In every walk of life George Jackson was a titan: to every good cause he was an open-hearted friend : and to every cloaked sham or tinselled fraud he was a scathing and fearless foe." BRIDGE STREET. Revert to the Fairbank 1819 map on page 72. Draw a straight line from the main road through the letter s in Little Close, No. 47, to the figure 3 under Long Close, No. 50, cutting across the holdings of John Shirley and John Wilson. This line approximately coincides with the direction of Bridge (now Trent) street to its junction with Faraday road. Building re-commenced here soon after the 1853 survey. Jonathan Wood, owner-occupier of Wood's (or Bridge) Foundry, a member of Zion Church and Choir, resident at No. 29 Bridge terrace, was the landlord of twelve tenements behind the foundry, the rents ranging from eighteen-pence to half-a-crown a week. Later, in 1855, Parkin and Backhouse were the proprietors of the foundry; 44 patentees and manufacturers of Metallic Spring Piston Plungers" to quote a part only of their 1860 advertisement. William Parkin was J. Wood's next-door neighbour in the terrace, and John Backhouse later became the landlord of the Dog and Partridge Inn at the corner of Oakes Green. In the autumn of 1861 Henry Rangeley, of The Grange, Unstone, near Dronfield, was the owner (with T. Clarke in tenancy) of the works and yet another dozen houses on the other side of the street. Following these somewhat rapid changes, the well-known Thomas Clarke and Sons have successfully carried on the business since 1864. BLAST LANE TOLL BAR. On the opposite side of CarIton road and in Blast lane Robert Maltby, a mill-wright at Attercliffe forge, had built thirty-six houses beginning next to William Milner's GreyHorse Inn in Blast lane, coming round the corner into the main road, and ending at the older property already erected in CarIton road. The most interesting item given in the 1855 enumeration of tenants is the record of a Toll-house, apparently at the corner, tenanted by toll-collector Joyce, rent free. The '53 ordnance map shows a detached building near that corner, on the pavement or sidewalk, before the Maltby houses were erected, bearing the description " Blast lane T.P.," the initials standing for Turn Pike. Mr. Shepherd, already mentioned, says that his two sisters, now well advanced in years, remember the toll-house here quite well. The 1849 directory cites John Sephton of the Sportsman Inn, as col lector '-presumably toll-bar collector-and the 1861 rate book gives Henry Oates, a joiner, living at the Blast lane Catch Bar. Doubtless many readers are acquainted with the later position of this bar at the junction of Stoke street and the river-side part of Effingham road, the toll-house still standing there but in an unofficial capacity. Mr. Joseph Hill Appleton (1810-801, chemist and druggist in Attercliffe from New Year's Day, 1839, till 1879, overseer of the poor in the 'eighties, collector of taxes for several years, surveyor of highways and a member of the old Board of Highways 1860-5, strongly opposed a proposition made by the Duke of Norfolk's agent concerning the dedication of the townward part of what we now call Effingham road commencing at the present unofficial toll-house. The difference of opinion arose over its unsafe condition due to the undermining tendency of the adjacent river. As a matter of fact, a section of the road near the river bend actually collapsed shortly afterwards. The negotiations having failed, the toll-bar was removed from Stoke street corner and placed in its present position, toll being levied for the ---oldPark road and Bacon Lane" far into the 'seventies, if not later. FARADAY, BESSEMER, MUSHET. Some of the street-names about here are worthy of our thoughtful attention. Walk along Washford road: round the corner is Faraday road; cutting across it is Bessemer road. What great stories are behind the names! Sir Humphrey Davy (1778-1829) was once asked what he regarded as his greatest discovery. Tersely he replied, " Michael Faraday." Laboratory assistant to Sir Humphrey at the Royal Institution in 1813 when but twenty-two years of age, Faraday (1791-1867) succeeded Davy in the professor's Chair of Chemistry, this science, along with magnetism and electricity, constituting his principal fields of investigation. " At whatever point we touch the great electrical achievements of the present day we are always able to trace back the beginnings of them to Faraday's work. On August 29th, 1831, he wound on an iron ring two insulated copper wirer, and found that when an electric current was started or stopped in one wire it created a transitory current in the other. This may seem trivial to a nonscientific person, but that simple discovery gave us the alternating current transformer, without which there could be no large-scale distribution of electric current for light or power. Every electric light, every dynamo whispers the magic word Faraday." So wrote Sir Ambrose Fleming in the Daily Mail for August 8th, 1931. It is said that this Prince of Investigators, when commencing his investigations on the subject of steel alloys, selected Messrs. Sanderson Brothers mid Newbould's West street works in Sheffield for his melting operations over one hundred years ago. Sir Henry Bessemer, F.R.S. (1813-98), was a prolific inventor : it is said that he spent the sum of £10,000 in patent-stamps alone 1 His process, patented in 1856, for making steel at a cheaper rate and in greater quantities than the earlier methods could manage increased the annual output from 50,000 tons to one-and-a-half millions. In 1859 he established the firm of Henry Bessemer and Company north of the river, in Carlisle street east, next to John Brown and Company's Atlas Works, with William Allen advancing from manager to resident partner within three years. In 1879 Mr. George Wilson, of Banner Cross Hall, managing director of Chas. Cammell and Company, expressed his conviction that this new product should be termed Bessemer-Mushet steel, "as it is certainly due to a method invented by the latter eminent metallurgist." Robert Forester Mushet, who died in 1891, son of David Mushet, the introducer of puddling furnaces, disclaimed any right to be called eminent or renowned (as another friend styled him), and said that he " merely supplied the rudder to the Bessemer ship, and a rudder is indispensable no matter how otherwise complete the ship may be." Briefly, the Bessemer process consisted in driving thin columns of cold air at a high pressure through a molten mass of pig-iron to remove impurities by oxidation, leaving in the mass the required percentage of carbon, thus transforming the iron into steel. How we remember the gorgeous pyrotechnic displays, arising from this airforcing process, at Brown, Bayley and Dixon's works in the late 'seventies, where the method was in use ! The uncertainty of stopping the blast at the right moment, when the required amount of carbon was secured, proved the great difficulty. Mushet discovered the solution of the trouble by adding to the seething mass a certain compound of iron, manganese and carbon, called spiegel-eisen. The process is carefully detailed in Pawson and Braiisford's Guide to Sheffield, edited by John Taylor, issued in 1862, and the story of Mushet's looking-glass-iron (the meaning of the strange word above) is best read in his own book published in 1883. Grateful for the help derived, my readers are referred to Mr. Stainton's " Making of Sheffield," pp. 288-295, for lengthy extracts from Mushet's book and delightfully informative contributions of his own. The first Bessemer premises in Sheffield, outside the inventor's own, were built in the Atlas Works on the initiation of Mr. J. D. Ellis, the managing- director of the firm. THE CONTINENTAL STEEL WORKS. Born -at Bingen, on the Rhine, in 1845, and educated there, Joseph Jonas came to Sheffield about 1870 and commenced in a small way as steel manufacturer in Bessemer road. Two years later he was joined by Robert Colver, of Western Bank, and in. 1875 the firm had become Jonas, Meyer and Colver, manufacturers of steel for tools, files, saws and other things. By 1890 'Jonas and Colver ' formed one of the most prosperous concerns in the district, and when, Inter on, the famous high-speed steel (to which they gave the name of 1 Novo') made its impact upon the industrial world, Messrs. J. and C. were amongst the first in the market with the new steel. Extending business necessitated drastic enlargements, and their new premises eventually covered a very large area. To really appreciate this statement. begin in Washford road where the works join Ambrose Shardlow and Co.'s premises: walk along the road to Faraday corner: go eastward to Bessemer road, turn south, then along Livingstone road (main entrance to the works), across Birch road into Harriet street, out into Trent street and back again to Faraday road, a distance of about 800 yards with the Continental Works on the right hand nearly all the way Mr. Jonas was returned unopposed as town councillor for Attercliffe in 1890, following Mr. Edward Langton in the Council Chamber (which eventually became the main room of the former Reference Library in Surrey street). Thanks to the initiative of Mr. Langton, who, with his brother, resided at High Hazels for some years, and subsequently to Councillor Jonas's good efforts, the park was acquired, by purchase, for the benefit of our city, about 1894, including the house built in 1850 by our first mayor, Mr. Wm. Jeffcock, which is now, among other admirable features, a gallery of. valuable, and valued, old Sheffield pictures. Mr. Jonas became Lord Mayor in 1904 and received the Royal favour of Knighthood in the same year. His partner, Mr. Colver, likewise shared his townsmen's confidence, being elected to the time-honoured office of Master Cutler in 1890. It is pleasant to link up our old friend, Mr. J. H. Winder, of Royds Works (see p.. 25), with the present survey, through his grandson, Mr. A. B Winder, son of the Rev. J. H. Winder, Vicar of Woodhouse (p. 26). In 1908 Mr. A. B. Winder was appointed manager of the new Siemen's plant put down by Messrs. Jonas and Colver in Stevenson road. Continually advancing, he became general manager and director of Industrial Steels Ltd., and is now- works director of the English Steel Corporation Ltd. It may be added that the firm *of J. and C. was reconstructed in 1929 under the title of Jonas and Colver (Novo) Ltd., the directors of the Neepsend Steel and Tool Corpor. ation acting for the new company. Detailed accounts of the reconstruction appeared in the Sheffield Daily Telegraph for January 19th and February 23rd, 1929. OTHER HIVES OF INDUSTRY. In 1854 George Wharton, of the Blonk street steel works and later of Pond hill, carried on the old Bailey furnace (see p. 71) behind. S. W. Kitching's grocery and provision shop, 38 CarIton road, renting from Robert Maltby a converting furnace, steel-house, shed and yard for a modest £13 6s. 8d. per annum., 1861 -saw. Moses Eadon, of the President Works 1 S.D.T., May 14th, 1932. in Savile street east, finding some use-probably for experimental purposes-for the same old premises, within easy distance of his residence at the corner of Shortridge street. Business was brisk in Bridge street in 1876. At number 31 Ambrose Shardlow, engineer and millwright, also residing in Shortridge street, was commencing the work that soon took him into Washford road with eventually the Continental Works on his right, and the yet-standing ruined houses that recall the horrors of the air raid on the night of September 25th, 1916, the site awaiting a happy trade revival warranting the contemplated Shardlow extensions on the left. Then there were George Shimield and Son's steel works, the principal member of the firm happy in his trade announcement that he had experienced twenty-four years of practice as workman and manager with the big firms of John Brown and Co. and Cocker Brothers. The Don Glass Works (ace p. 90) were then in the occupation of William Langwell (of Chippingham street) and Co. who eventually removed as Langwell Brothers to Darnall road, near Cleveland square, using the same river-side name to describe their new premises. The name of Greenwood, tardistiller at the River Don Chemical and Grease Works on the eastern side of Bridge street, is #till recalled by the adjacent group of dwelling-houses forming Greenwood place. At the top of Bessemer road were James Fairbrother's Crown Steel and Wire Mills. John Taylor's description of the firm's activities in 1879 makes excellent reading even yet in Pawson and Brailaford's Guide. Mr. Arthur Lee bought the business in 1874, and in 1892 Mr. Percy W. Lee - mananaging director here, and of the Trubrite Works, Meadow Hall, Master Cutler in 1927-8-joined his father and elder brother, Mr. Arthur S. Lee, in the business. Eight years later he was established in the same line at Burton Weir, but in 1903 he returned to the family firm, amalgamating his own business with it. Cold rolling of steel is one of their specialities: in fact, we. are almost sure to encounter one of their motor lorries, informatively em, blazoned with " Cold Rolling " on its sides, buzzing along the roads hereabouts. 1876 had Wm. Atkins and Co. at the Reliance Steel Works, and later Woodhouse and Rixson (tonic sol-fa singers of fifty or so years ago will remember Mr. Francis Rixson) were established at the Chantry Steel and Crank Works next to the Crown Works on the river side. In 1911 five steel firms filled the western side of Trent street: Thomas Inman (a family name beloved in educational and other circles) at the Britannia Steel Works; W. H. Shephard, Trent Street Works; J. Shaw and Co., Gibraltar Works; Henry Green and Co., and Crosslands, looking at Wright Brothers, old-established hot-water engineers, and Rider Wilson's cooling table waters on the other side of the street. We conclude our review of " Other Hives" by a brief roll-call of the 1932 firms in the Washfordian area. In addition to the wide-spread Continental Works, we have in Washford road the. Warwickshire Furnishing Company; Wm. Cook and Sons, Glasgow Steel Works, with John Fowler's Don Foundry across the river; G. T. Winnard's River-side Engineering Works; Steel-rope Pulley-block manufacturers; Effingham Steel and Rolling Mills (and in Windsor street); Manchester and. Sheffield. Tar Works; Sheffield Chemical Company at the Don Vitriol Works; and Ambrose Shardlow with motor cranks. a speciality. Trent street, W. H. Shephard, steal manufacturers; Sheffield Welders.; Wright Bros., Rider Wilson, and Hallamshire Pure Milk. Purveyors. Bessemer, road, Arthur Lee and Sons, Crown Works;. Woodhouse, and Rixson, Chantry Works; Joseph Beardshaw and. Co., steet manufacturers in 1896, brass founders in 1911, at the Acme Steel Works; Hall and Pickles, steel manufacturers; and at the corner of Trent street and Attercliffe road the time-honoured Bridge Foundry now in its eightieth year, THE STEAM CORN MILL. Walk along Attercliffe road-or CarIton road as it was called in earlier days-for about a hundred- and-thirty yards, from the eastern end of Bridge terrace to No. 457, just beyond Armstead road. This distance indicates the frontage of the old Attercliffe steam mill property. Turn along Armstead road and note the houses numbered 8 to 16 on the right. flow they differ from their neighboursI The old-fashioned roof-tiles proclaim their old age! They formed the dwellings of Robert Bunby and other employees at the corn mill more than sixty years ago. Within the memory of many Atterclevians, here, at No. 8, were " The Attercliffe Turkish Baths " with Thomas Garbutt as proprietor and medical botanist, the best sixpenny Turkish Bath in England 1 " Cross over Stevenson road into Birch road: note the gloomy-looking stone building bearing the informative description " The Sheffield Foundry Workers' Club and Institute." That was. the Mill House once upon a time. Before the club had it 11 The Self-supporting Dispensary " was here in CarIton Hall its it had come to be known. " Poor persons can have medi cine by paying sixpence "-so ran a contemporary notice fifty years ago- provided they attend before eleven in the mornings, except on Sunday. Members pay one penny weekly, which entitles them to attendance and medicine. Mr.. O'Meara is chief, assisted by Mr. Turner." " The buoyant and vivacious Timothy O'Meara 1 His memory will long be fragrant in the recollections of hundreds of Attercliffe, people. And the same can be said of William Turner, who died at the dispensary on the seventh of February, 1893, an unqualified practitioner from the technical point of view, but credited by the thousands to whose ailments he ministered as a physician of rare discernment and skill."' Later, John Columba Byrne, physician and surgeon, carried on the beneficent work. Then followed the club and institute. The mill itself stood a little to our right as we walk from the Turkish Baths to the Dispensary, one corner in Birch road and another on the far side of Stevenson road. The 1795 Fairbank map shows a corn mill on this site, but a 1792 record states that William and John Hartop were proposing to take a part of Washford Meadow on a 99 years' lease. It is quite possible that this record gives us a clue to the early days of the mill. When it became a steam mill is not clear, but it carried this description in 1805. William Hartop was the miller, and in 1819 he was living in Heppenstall lane. Built into the wall of the new premises at the eastern side of Zion Chapel is an old tombstone, removed from the nowcovered part of the old graveyard, bearing the inscription " In memory of Mary Ann Hartop, the only child of William and Sarah Hartop, of Attercliffe, who died July 10th, 1817, aged 19 years." Mrs. Hartop, described in the Zion records as 'I the miller's wife," was also buried in this yet-revered God's acre. In a 1787 Attercliffe rate-book I find William Hartop and Company credited with two coal pits, an ironstone pit and a brickyard, but, unfortunately, the whereabouts of these centres of activity are omitted. Further, in the Minutes of the Overseers of the Poor under date July 30th, 1819, the names Wm. Hartop, Esq., and Mr. Jonathan Oakes, occur in the somewhat lengthy list of overseers present. Miller Hartop will long be remembered for his great generosity in the days of high prices of flour at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th. It is recorded that in 1801 the bellman announced that the people could be supplied with 1 Hartley for 1888 and 1894. flour at Michael Raybould's, in Snig hill, for 1016 a stone.' In August, 1795, it was 516, but Mr. Hartop, sensing the hardship laid on the working classes by demanding such a price, promptly sent his wagons into the town laden with flour at 2/7 a stone. In their gratitude' the people harnessed themselves to a coach and dragged it to Attercliffe for the purpose of bringing the benevolent miller to Sheffield and drawing him in triumph through the streets of the town. He declined the honour, but the importunity of the populace induced him to permit his servants to go instead, and the coach proceeded to the town amidst continual acclamations of Joy. This mill was destroyed by fire in 1805. Here is the account of the fire as it appeared in The Iris for October 31st. ---Thismorning at five o'clock the Steam Mill at Attercliffe was discovered to be on fire. The flames burst through the windows and raged with such fury that nothing could be coved. The roof fell in about six o'clock. All the grain, Machinery and so forth were consumed." . However, a new mill was shortly erected on the same spot. Fairbank, 1819, shows that the estate, just over three acres in extent was in the hands of William Hydes' executors and in the tenancy of John Shirley. There were two ponds, a house and garden, a small plantation and an acre enclosure adjacent to the highway, and then the 'steam engine, corn mill, stables, etc.,' to the right of the house. In 1822 we get J. mod T. Shirley: 1833, John Shirley, miller and maltster: 1838, Shirley and Parker, corn factors, miller& and maltsters (Benjamin Shirley at the mill house, Henry Parker at Hall Carr). In 1839 John Shirley is a corn miller and merchant me Not 10 Corn Exchange and at our steam mill. This takes tic sotto the Old Town when the Corn Exchange stood a little to the east of the River Sheaf (then-running in the open, not, as now, underground) between the Canal bridge in Exchange street and the Sheaf bridge in Broad street. In front of it was the New Haymarket, the site now occupied by the 'Wholesale Fruit Market. Thomas Shirley, grocer and flour dealer, 26 Church street and No. 1 Haymarket, supplies us with another memory of the old town in his further business description of " Corn Miller, Albion Mill, Shemeld Croft." Our present Commercial street viaduct approximately runs over the old croft, and down there in the Sheaf Market the Albion Corn mill is still standing and known as the Live Stock Market. Getting back, however, to Attercliffe, in 1849 Jackson and Smith were here, Samuel Smith being the resident partner. They were also the millers at the quaint little flour mill at Canklow which is now merged into John ,Brown's colliery premises there. Jackson and Sons were the millers in 1852, and then followed Philip Stevenson in '54, with Stevenson and Dodds a little later. Isaac Dodds was the senior partner in the firm of Dodds and Sons, engineers, millwrights, etc., at the Holmes Engine and Railway Works, Masbro' : whilst miller Stevenson (or Stephenson) resided in the mill-house with its " shrubbery, garden, greenhouse, fruit walls, stable and carriage house," to quote the 1861 rate-book description of the residential part of the mill property. The partners, had their own malt-kiln and wharf on the canalside, along with nine tenements, at the top of Wharf yard or Courts 20 and 22 near the Royal Oak Inn. It was in this yard that Tom Gill resided, the night watchman at Hornby and Elliott's chemical works (see p. 91), who, on the night of the Sheffield Flood in 1864, was suddenly alarmed by the rushing waters, gave a wild shriek, and perished in the flood. Calamity again overtook our mill: here is the Sheffield Daily Telegraph account of the second fire on July 24th, 1863. Great fire this morning. Destruction of the Attercliffe Steam Corn-mill. These extensive corn and flour mills, the property of Messrs. Stevenson and Dodds, were destroyed byfire this morning in about one-and-a-half hours. The main building was 25 to 30 yards long, and five storeys high, containing 300 sacks of flour and 1200 of corn, a very small part of which was saved. The fire engine arrived half-anhour after the outbreak was discovered, but the fire had then gained possession of the premises, and soon the building was a mass of flames. The stables, haylofts and other outbuildings were preserved. Several of the onlookers stated that they remembered the previous conflagration in 1805. The damage is estimated at £5000." Mr. David M.. Chapman says that the stones taken from the ruins were used in building the shops at the corner of Church. lane and Attercliffe road, where Lomas Clapson's clock-face on the front wall for so many years reminded us of his tenancy of No. 717 in the eighteen- seventies. Let us roam in imagination. over the steam-mill estate of eighty or ninety years ago, guiding ourselves by present-day landmarks. Walk a short distance along Stevenson road: we are really on the big lawn in front of Mr. Stevenson's residence, having made an entrance through the border of trees behind the CarIton road boundary wall 1 There's a fine shrubbery on our right, screening the mill department from the house. On our left, where is now Bessemer square, commenced a ten-foot carriage. drive from the road to the front door, and beyond that row of trees along its edge are a smaller lawn, a little copse, and a reservoir connected by a narrow channel with the larger one behind the house, the remotest corner of which miniature lake is fairly indicated by the junction of Birch and Livingstone roads. From this second dam a straight water course, about 900 feet long, ran, to the Don which it joined behind the Crown Works in Bessemer road. There seems to have been an underground water-supply for these dams from the Woodbourn estate and beyond. Mr. Paul, discussing the point some years ago, said that he remembered such a channel being 1 cleaned out' at the Stoke street corner. The house side of the property we notice is well wooded, but the mill section is devoid of such sylvan amenities. Armstead road represents the wagonway to the mill buildings: on our right are the employees' dwellings, and behind them a row of sheds and warehouses ending at the reservoir edge. A study of the 1819 plan on page 72 will materially help us in our 1 fairyland' ramble in 1850. The long, straight water course mentioned above is indicated by the division line between James Simpson's holding, number 51, on the right, and Joseph Read's, numbered 48 and 50, on the left. STEVENSON ROAD. The first part of this road, which was in all probability named after Philip Stevenson (or Stephenson) of the corn mill, was made soon after the 1863 fire, the half-mile stretch to Woodbine road, and thus to Brightside lane, following many years later. We have already, in imagination, traversed the original stages across the Stevenson lawn now we will journey in reality along the modern extension, remembering as we go that we are walking over the centuries-old Hammer Grounds of the Shrewsbury Forge. Here on our left we have Marple and Gillott, metal brokers, buyers of old railway wagons and all kinds of steel things which come under the descriptive name of Scrap. Then comes the Eagle Foundry of John M. Moorwood, founded in 1910, a branch from the well-known firm of Moorwood, Sons and Co., stove-grate makers, etc., for many years at the Harleston Works, off Carlisle street east. How happily informative was the hour recently spent in the works under the genial conductorship of the governing director,. Mr. John Martin Moorwood! Moulding, casting, turning chilled steel rolls for Sweden and elsewhere : an up-to-date laboratory built and equipped by the director's son-in-law : and workshops extending westward to Bessemer road, crowded with activities, constituted some of the many arresting features of our visit. , " The Making of a street-lamp pillar" is the theme of a delightful paper by Mr. Moorwood, illustrated with photographs of the processes involved in the manufacture thereof at the Eagle Foundry. A cast-iron lamp-pillar possesses a new interest following the reading of the paper, and one cannot but quote the author's conclusion. " 1 would like to give you a text, something to live up to, like the subject of my lecture-Let your light so shine before men that they, seeing your good works, may glorify God," Further along the road we note the offices of Messrs. Pashley and Trickett, a firm just now engaged in dismantling the pumping engine, built in 1864, at the Nunnery pit.' A few years ago they also dismantled the old Woodthorpe colliery buildings and machinery. We pass the sidings and goods station of the ' Sheffield and District Railway,' and cross the river into the Castle Meadows of far-off yesterdays extending beyond the waterway that supplied the Nether Shrewsbury Forge and still drives a turbine for its descendant, the Attercliffe Forge of Messrs. Sanderson Brothers and Newbould. At the end of our outward journey the name Cox and Danks, iron and steel scrap merchants, ship salvors and breakers, urges the perusal of a deeply- interesting account of the firm's many and varied activities that appeared in the Sheffield Daily Telegraph for December 30th, 1932. More recently (1613133) Mr. Cox's ten years' trying experiences at Scapa Flow whilst salving the German battleships were narrated, compelling unalloyed admiration for the wonderful intrepidity of our Stevenson-road firm. Returning on the eastern side of the road we pass one of Sanderson's entrances, and over the river the long frontage of " Industrial Steels " brings us to Oakes Green road, their 1 S.D.T,, 1413183. premises covering the site of the old Slitting Mill-of which more later. The Attercliffe Council school was opened, with Walkley, Crookesmoor, Lowfields and Carbrook, on August 17th, 1874. Our first School Board was elected in 1870, and re-elected in 1873. John Fairburn, of the Chemical Works (p. 92), was one of its members: so was Henry Joseph Wilson, of the Smelting Works, and John P. Moss was their clerk. One recalls with pride the names of some of the teachers in this school: Mark Wright, B.Sc., George Gleadhall Swann, afterwards Vicar of Darnall and subsequently of Pitsmoor, George Davis, son of B. D. Davis, the Board's Inspector fifty years ago, George H. Douglas' and Joseph Meadley, both of musicalcircles fame. Nor can one refrain from adding Thomas Bingley Boss, a pupil teacher here, and a member of Leigh street Baptist Church, who gave me my first insight into the world of mathematics. Baldwin street Congregational Chapel stands next to the school, built in 1907 in succession to the original building opened in 1875, fragrant with memories of its early days and of lives devoted to the work of the Kingdom throughout the years. Just round the Baldwin corner is St. Charles' Roman Catholic Church, the Very Rev. Canon Michael F. Beazley. the beloved father in the work. Built into the wall of the school premises in close proximity is a large stone bearing the inscription- Built in 1871 : rebuilt in 1929 : In memory of the Very Rev. Joseph Hurst, V.F., founder and first rector 18661905. THE SHREWSBURY FORGES. We again acknowledge our indebtedness to the late Mr. A. B. Shaw for our information about these forges.2 During the reign of King Henry the Second, in the year 1160, extensive iron works were established at Kimberworth by the monks of Kirkstead Abbey in Lincolnshire. These appear to have remained in operation for many years, for in the reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603) mention is made in old account books of smithies and iron works in the Kimberworth neighbourhood. The small iron-trade of Sheffield- consisting of scissor- making, shear-making, etc-came quickly into prominence in this reign, and its present name for cutlery may be said to date from this period. About the end of the 16th century the supply of iron and steel used in the town was in the hands of . the Earls of Shrewsbury, lords of the manor of Sheffield, who sold it, wholesale and retail, to the cutlers. In a manuscript book of William Dickenson, bailiff of Hallamshire in 1574, there is a record of steel deposited in the store-room of Sheffield Castle and of that sold to various people. The furnaces of Kimberworth and Waddisley (Wadsley) supplied iron to the Attercliffe mills, and the extent of the supply is here given in the account of Rolland Reavell in 1590. Between the 8th of February and the 22nd of March, 1589, a period of six weeks, the supply was 19 tons 11 cwts., costing £ 13 per ton, or £2541310 in all. The working charges for the same six weeks were:- the hammers at Attercliffe £291219 ; the Kimberworth furnace £23118110; the Waddisley furnace £511012; the Tankersley Stove-mill £811218, a total of £671415. There remaineth clear to my lord for the said six weeks £186/18/7." In a brief statement, by Rolland Reavell and Martin Ash, of Attercliffe, of iron made at the Attercliffe hammers in the year 1.587 it is stated that 89 tons 41 cwts. were made at the Upper hammer and 144 tons 9 cwts. at the Nether hammer. Mr. James R. Wigfull, in his paper on " House Building in Queen Elizabeth's Days,"' has pointed out that Bailiff Dickenson's house, built in 1575, stood in Sheffield on land now covered by the High street end of George street. Dickenson was a man of considerable authority in his day. William Dickenson, presumably the bailiff, is mentioned fre. quently in the 1637 survey of the Shrewsbury estates, both as freeholder and tenant. To us in these recent years especially interesting is the record that he rented for about £8 per year a hundred- and -three acres of " a spring wood of 25 years' growth " called Woolley wood. in Ecclesfield parish, possibly the land now, by the munificence of Alderman J. G. Graves, pertaining to the people of Sheffield. To revert to the Shrewsbury forges: about the year 1603 they were leased to Colonel Copley instead of being worked directly for the Earl's benefit. The 1795 map indicates a forge where the old Slitting Mill seems to have carried on its work into the first half of the 19th century, at the north end of (the former) Slitting Mill lane (1 Industrial Steels' has now cut off most of the lane). In the absence of any detailed information is it not rational to suppose that the mill was indeed the I old age' of the Upper Shrewsbury Forge, the same buildings but con. verted to a different use ? There was a water course leading from the near end of the weir head close to the present East Coast road, providing motive power for the forge, and then rejoining the Don, on its western bank, at Sandersons' works. The Nether Forge already mentioned would be the forerunner of Messrs. Sanderson Brothers and Newbould's place, which somehow has persistently been called Attercliffe Forge, or simply The Forge, although it is situated in Brightside Bierlow. THE HAMMER GROUNDS, This name denoted some lands on both sides of the river. Stevenson road now runs approximately through the middle of the western Hammer grounds which enjoyed the specific dis. tinction of here being called the Forge Meadow, which, in its turn, embraced the Chappell Meadow. Our only source of information for this section is the 1637 survey, where, however, no mention is made of the forges as being active, having, by that time, passed into private management. The record begins with the tenancy of William Spencer, of Attercliffe Hall (1584-1649), who for £11 per year rented 19.1 acres of " the forge meadow, being part of the Hammer grounds, lying next to the river Don on the north, the lands. of the said Mr. Spencer on the south-west, and the lord's lands in the use of Nicholas Staniforth on the east." This plot is numbered 246 on diagram V. Let it be noted that the Harrisonian phrase ,the lands of so-and-so' indicates freehold property, whilst the other description, the lord's lands in the use, etc.,' quaintly tells us that such lands were rented from the lord of the manor. The plots 244 to 247 were ' late parcel of the demesne " (demeen), that is lands belonging to the lord of the manor, retained by his lordship for his own private use. Continuing the record: John Wilson and Humphrey Twigg rented about five acres of the forge meadow, called Chappell meadow. Whether this name refers to a person or to the adjacent ancient chapel is not clear. Robert Chappell certainly owned lands in Darnall and in Dean field (yet to be described), and Wilson, Twigg and Chappell were all actively associated with the Hill Top Chapel, erected in 1629. The Wilson-Twigg lands, 245 and 244, had Spencer's holding on the north, Beighton or Oakes Green on the south-east, and freeholder Bowman's property on the south (which seems to have become the Steam Mill estate in later days). And lastly, Nicholas Staniforth, whom we last met in Salmon Pastures (p. 22), rented number 247, a five-and-a-half acres close (or fencedin meadow), north of Oakes Green. The inset at the top left-hand corner of diagram V will help to make these positions clear. THE SHEFFIELD DISTRICT RAILWAY. On November 20th, 1896, His Grace the Duke of Norfolk cut the first sod for the Sheffield District Railway, the ceremony taking place on the Old Forge Ground where now stands the Attercliffe Goods station, and where it had been suggested to build the docks for the proposed Ship Canal from Goole to Sheffield, a scheme that was eventually abandoned. In other words, this memorable ceremony was performed by the lord of the manor on the spot where at least four centuries previously the contemporary manorial lords looked upon the Shrewsbury forges as part of their private property.'- The District Railway was opened by the Duke-of Portland on May 21st, 1900. It may be noted here that the winding course of the Don in this area was simplified about the time of the railway's initial stages by cutting a channel across Sanderson's field, which has reduced the distance from Stevenson road to Attercliffe forge by nearly one half. The railway's operations were undertaken by the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast railway, and this in its turn was taken over by the Great Central about 1906. At the present time it is linked up in the L.M.S. and L.N.E. railways' combine. The traffic lines, having passed over the river and its neighbouring water way, join the main L.M.S. lines, along with those from the Wicker station and the 1 big works,' at the Upwell street viaducts. THE PRE-REFORMATION CHAPEL. Many of my readers will remember the old cottages shown in the illustration facing page 105 (above). They stood until recently beyond the wall ending Colwall street. The story of the two on the left is of the deepest interest. Our earliest information about them occurs in the will of Laurence Smythe, of Attercliffe, dated April 12th, 1548, the summary of which will be found in the first of Mr. T. Walter Hall's fascinating volumes. Towards the end of a list of bequests the testator directed that the sum of 13s. 4d. be paid by hisson, Hugh, for twenty years 11 to the mayntenance of the Service of God in the chapell of Atterclif." The name at the head of this section was given by Mr. Hall to the place of worship mentioned in the will. The difficulty was the deter. mination of its position in Attercliffe. The late Mr. A. B. Shaw discovered in a manuscript rent roll of 1580 an illuminating entry: 'I Lawrence Wilkinson, for a house called the Chappell, 5/-" In the 1583 rental he found ,Lawrence Wilkinson for a house which was the Chappell at Attercliffe." Between 1583 and 1589 this house was converted into two dwelling houses, for in 1589 occurred the entry, "John Stacye for half of the house which was the Chappell at Attereliffe, 316. John Sheameld for ye other half of ye same house, 3/6." Mr. Shaw traced the tenancies forward to 1624, 11 but the entries are brief, and make no mention of precise situation." In Harrison's survey only one house is recorded as standing by Beighton Green, and it is significant that the house was in two parts, for the survey states ,John Read holdeth at will a part of a cottage by Beighton Green and payeth yearly 12 pence. Robert Bristow holdeth at will the other part of the said cottage and payeth yearly 12 pence." The late Mr. Paul zealously pursued the quest for the site of this ancient chapel, and in a lecture delivered in the Attercliffe Vestry Hall, on March 22nd, 1926, he said "It happens that there are some ancient buildings in Oakes Green, now used as cottages, probably much more ancient than any other property in the district, two of which show traces of having been, at one time, one house. Some months ago Messrs. Jonas and Colver purchased the houses and the surrounding land, and 1 had the opportunity of perusing certain old deeds in connection with the title. First 1 found that formerly there had been a rent charge on the property payable to the Twelve Capital Burgesses of the town of Sheffield which was commuted by a recent owner of the property. Then 1 found that a family of Penton apparently once owned this old house amongst much other Attercliffe property, and that by a deed dated May 10th, 1716, the properties were divided amongst the daughters of William Fenton, one of whom married William Burton, of Royds Mill (p. 61). There is an ancient door, now built up, apparently showing that this was once the main entrance to the building, and it is most significant that this property once belonged to Laurence Smythe (previously mentioned) who married Ann Fenton, and who by his will left his property to his wife's relations, the Fentons. ,,If this was the chapel, one may ask how the Earl of Shrewsbury came to convert the building into two. My explanation would be that the change in local religious feeling, from the old Roman Catholic faith to the Protestant, caused the people to avoid the building, and the Earl of Shrewsbury, a devoted Catholic, took possession of it to prevent the spread of what was then called the New Religion. The chapel was erected on the Green, and being on common land he, the lord of the manor, might consider that he was well within his legal rights in thus appropriating the property." The occupants of the two cottages on the left kindly gave Mr. Paul the opportunity of examining the interior, and the result of his observations still further strengthened the belief that these two had been originally one house, and further the arrangement of the oaken beams at the eastern end of the second cottage suggested that the original purport of the building was an ecclesiastical one. Unfortunately, from the antiquarian's point of view, these and the adjacent buildings were demolished in August, 1931, having been condemned by the City Council as unfit for occupation. In a later part of our story we shall deal with England's severance from papal authority and the dawn of the reform. ation early in the sixteenth century. Was the old chapel under discussion built about this time? War, Laurence Smythe the builder? Was he an adherent of the reformed religion, a protestant as we should have called him later? Was the chapel really an early protestant place of worship ? We seem to have no authority for positive answers to these questions, but 1 venture to say that probably the answers are all in the affirmative. OAKES GREEN. Many of our early English villages enjoyed the communal rights of a village green, an unenclosed space, grass grown, conveniently situated, imperfectly defined as to boundaries, used by the villagers for their May-day dancing, their sports, their children's games-in fact a public recreation ground devoid of restrictions. Attercliffe had two such spaces, Beighton or Oakes green, and Goose or Attercliffe green. How the name Beighton came to describe the open space we are now considering is not known. Rauf Beighton and his son, John, were named in Laurence Smythe's 1551 will already cited: and there was a Richard Beighten, shearsmith, a leaseholder in 1650 living where the Park steel works now stand, just over the canal bridge in Beighton (now Bacon) lane. It may be that the family of Beighton in earlier years had some influential connection with the green which perhaps unwittingly on the family's part caused the transference of the name to the common property. But this is purely conjectural, as indeed is any similar explanation of the later designation, Oakes green. The Oakes family, as we have already noted was widespread in Attercliffe, and here may lie the origin of its present and time-honoured description. The suggestion that the name is reminiscent of oak trees seems to have no real support. Turn to our map and note the position of the green in 1810 as roughly indicated by the dotted lines, with Oakes green road running across it. The colour-washed cottages in St. Charles street stand on a part of its western edge. Close to the figure 10 stood eight cottages owned by John Blagden (see p. 51) and G. B. Greaves. The present Heppenstall lane property including Mr. Markham's and Carlton Hall were near the green but not on it. Three detached portions are shown on the opposite side of Attercliffe road, suggesting that the traffic of those days ran over the southern corner of the people's property. A Fairbank 1777 plan of "Two closes belonging to WM. Burton at Attercliffe with a scheme for letting them in building plots " supplies some interesting details about the Heppenstall. lane neighbourhood. Three parcels of land were hereabouts demised (or left to him by somebody's will) to Price Heppenstall. One portion 11 not yet built on " occupiedthe south-western side of the lane: another portion 11 on which sundry tenements and shops are built " indicates the present Heppenstall lane with Mr. Markham's premises fronting to the main road: and the third part comprised 1651 square yards near CarIton Hall. The Inclosure of our greens and commons in 1811 is detailed in (the late) Mr. Paul's admirable book "Some Forgotten Facts in the History of Sheffield and District " (1907) which my readers will do well to study. Oakes Green, exclusive of the road, covered five-and-a-half acres. The numbers on our map show the positions of plots of the green. land allocated to various people at that time. Nos. 1, 2, and 8 to 12 indicate about three acres granted to the lord of the manor: No. 3, 726 square yards at the corner of Staniforth road to Mrs. Ellen Greaves: Nos. 5 and 6, about an acre, to Mr. Greaves, the lawn and front gardens of CarIton Hall. No.7, about 665 square yards, was to be reserved as a public watering place for horses and cattle, and this refreshing corner was still in use at the time of the 1853 survey. Nos. 13 and 14 represent about an acre granted to Edward Hanson, the former plot near the ancient chapel property, and the latter near the corner of Slitting Mill lane. Nos. 15 and 16, representing 1452 square yards on the north-eastern side of the Green road, were allocated to the Rev. Thomas Radford. TWO NOTEWORTHIES. The Rev. THOMAS RADFORD, M.A., was born in Sheffield in 1748, and in his native town he lived for sixtyeight years dying November 10th, 1816. He studied at St. John's: Cambridge, and followed John Downes (1740-44) and his son, Henry Downes (1744-75), as incumbent of St. Paul's (then a chapel of ease to the Parish Church, as was St. James' later) until 1788 when he became Vicar of St. James' Church (built in 1788, consecrated in '89), a position he worthily occupied to the time of his death. He was also Rector of Hardmead, in Berkshire, and Vicar of Mexborough, with which is united Ravensfield where he was interred, 11 having exercised his ministerial office in the town of his birth for the space of 41 years, loved and respected."' Mr. Radford was for five years (1810-15) chairman of the Weekly Board at the Sheffield General Infirmary. In Attercliffe, in addition to the plots 15 and 16 aforementioned, he owned some land through which Colwall street now runs, and it is significant that Dr. Edwin Richardson's house, which formerly stood on the site of Nos. 609 and 611 Attercliffe road (Boots Ltd, is 599 at the corner of Colwall street), was known in 1864 as Radford house. The 1787 directory records him as residing in Arundel street, "curate of the New Church." We cannot leave Mr. Radford's corner of Attercliffe without a reference to the Methodist New Connexion Chapel that was built about 1836 near the end of Chapel (now Colwall) street on the western side. The building had a frontage of about 45 feet, with a seating accommodation of 188 ',including 24 free seats." About 1873 or '4 its descendant, St. Paul's Methodist Chapel in Shortridge street, replaced the older building. One cannot but wonder if Mr. Radford's curacy at St. Paul's Church in Sheffield was responsible for the name given to the Attercliffe building. GEORGE BUSTARD GREAVES was the owner of some fifty acres of land in Attercliffe-Cariton house and grounds included-at the time of the W. and J. Fairbank survey in 1819. Diagram IV, p. 72, shows three of his larger plots. His story is replete with 11 Old Sheffield." Who was George Greaves, of Attercliffe, the father of G. B. ? Was he the Master Cutler of 1762 whose place of business was in Norfolk street (now Hay and Son's premises) with his town residence next door-the site of the Sheffield Savings Bank ? Or was he the filesmith of West. Bar Green in 1787 ? Mr. Leader, in his 11 History of the Cutlers' Company,"' says that the "genealogy is too obscure to justify any confidence of assertion." A Fairbank 1777 plan records George Greaves as leaseholder of the building we now call CarIton house, and indicates 11 George Greaves' cottage " a little to the northwest thereof. He married Jane Bustard, daughter of Richard Bustard, Lt.-Col. of the Sheffield Volunteer Infantry in 1803. Their only son, George Bustard Greaves, born in 1758, married Ellen Clay (1755-1834) whose father, Joseph, and mother, Mary, were buried in the Hill Top Chapel with others of the intertwining families of Clay and Speight. Greaves' name recalls the story of Page Hall, built in 1773 by Thos. Broadbent, and considered to be ',the handsomest residence which had so far been erected out of Sheffield-made capital." The Broadbent Bank failed in 1780, and Page Hall was subsequently purchased by George Greaves, whose son sold it in 1834 to James Dixon, the founder of the deservedly well-known Cornish Place firm. Later the hall became the N.U.T. Benevolent Orphanage, but is now in the market for sale, building having already commenced on the grounds. Joseph Clay's sister, Margaret, was the second wife of James Allott, of Attercliffe, and their son, James, married Esther Burton, daughter of William Burton, of Royds Mill (p. 6 1). This second James Allott was a partner in the Sheffield Lead Works, founded in 1758, then situated in Shude hill, Later he became the principal partner in the firm, and dying in 1783 without children, ---thebulk of his property still further enriched the Greaves family of Page Hall."' CARLTON HOUSE. The name CarIton is surely reminiscent of Worksop Manor, which for many ages was one of the principal seats of the Dukes of Norfolk, but was sold in 1839 to the Duke of Newcastle. The original manor house (which contained five hundred rooms 1) was burnt down in 1761, and the damage was said to have amounted to £100,000, including the loss of valuable paintings, statues and other works of art.2 Mr. Paul, speaking about this great catastrophe some years ago, suggested the possibility of Harrison's plans for the 1637 survey having been then destroyed. It was not wholly improbable, he said, that these had been removed to the ancestral home for safety during the troubled years of the Civil War when the Howards had but recently come into the lordship of Hallamshire. CarIton-in-Lind rick is included in the Worksop Union, and CarIton road is one of the chief streets of the town of Worksop. Worksop road and CarIton road are names that made a Noble pair! Would that the latter had not fallen into disuse in Attercliffe George Greave's house, built before 1777 as indicated by a Fairbank plan of that date, seems to have acquired its present name of CarIton House sometime before the middle of the last century. The 1819 Fairbank plan shows it facing a large " pleasure ground, garden and pond " -formerly part of the Green- an acre-and-a-half in extent. A winding carriage-drive commenced where Kimberley street, now begins. The frontage of the property extended from Mr. Markham's boundary to Oakes Green corner, and nearly the same distance along the Green road. The name of the 1819 tenant, Thomas Howard, takes us back in imagination to Sheffield High street of bygone days. At John Walsh's corner of Mulberry street there stood the Old Stone House, erected in 1727, which was at one time in the possession of the Greaves family, later coming to the Howards, wine merchants. Widow Howard dying in 1822, her son, Thomas, above mentioned, succeeded to the business, already having enjoyed the rural felicities of the village of Attercliffe. In the late 'thirties or early 'forties Samuel Jackson, of the firm of Spear and Jackson, merchants, and manufacturers of saws, files, edge tools, etc. (late of Gibraltar street, then of Savile street, subsequently of the AEtna works, Savile street east), was in residence here, later becoming the owner of the property, The firm had become wonderfully distinguished for the excellence of its products. Mr. Jackson was elected a Chevalier of the French Legion of Honour (founded by Napoleon the First in 1802 for the recognition of outstanding merit wherever displayed), and the firm gained the Council Medal of the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, the Medal of Honour from the Paris Exhibition in 1855, and the Vienna Medal for Progress in 1873. Samuel died in 1867, but widow Jackson and her daughters, Cora and Helen, con tinued in residence here, the 1876 directory showing Miss Cora Jackson as still entertaining the Jackson liking for Attercliffe in spite of the fact that building operations had already deprived the house of its early-Victorian rural surroundings. Later, CarIton house became the residence of Mr. Thos. Aherne Sheahan, physician and surgeon, continuing well into the second decade of the present century, leaving a name surrounded with memories of gracious service to the ailing folk of the district. In the late 'eighties Kimberley street took the place of the old carriage drive, a little street that cannot be left without a reference to one of oar finest printers who once lived in it. George W. Jones came to Attercliffe as a journeyman printer with Messrs. Hartley and Son, residing in Vicarage road and subsequently in Kimberley street about 1890. Eventually he removed to London where his artistic soul continued to lead him along lines of research culminating in the front-rank position he now occupies in the printing world. The Caxton Magazine for June, 1930, contains a full account of " Our Printer Laureate," from which we quote a few sentences. 11 He has made the great masters of typedesigning his debtors. He has searched the world for models on which to base the letters he has reformed and issued. The envy and despair of young craftsmen, he has ever been their encourager." With pride and affection we add the name of George W. Jones to our ever-enlarging list of Attercliffe worthies. OUR ILLUSTRATIONS, Frontispiece. A riverine scene about 1826 reproduced from an old print, showing the former course of the Don, with Christ Church in the centre. The view-point is the present far end of Baker street! In front of the Church is the "bold cliff" from which the name Attercliffe is said to be derived. The fishing enthusiasts in the foreground are worthnoting The photograph facing page 105 was taken by Mr. Cyril Ward in 1926. Mr. Paul considered that the lefthand portion of the little block of cottages formed the 1547 chapel described in the text. The fascinating view of historic cottages facing page 113 was taken by the late Mr. J. C. Nicholson, of 339 High street, forty or more years ago, from an upper window in Oakes green, opposite the near end of Slitting Mill lane. Most of the houses shown formed Hanson square. The old chapel was the quaint-looking cottage near the right centre, though it has been suggested that 1 the Chapel ' really stood to the rear of this place. Opinion is somewhat divided on the question. The near right-hand building is the westward front of Horbury house, which was subsequently converted into two. Forty-three or -four years ago Byron Lister, a roll-turner at the Baltic works, lived in this part, and Mr. Samuel Webster (my welcome informant on many Attercliffe points) in the other. Previously, Taylor and Heppenstall, of mineral waters fame, were here. Attercliffe Church tower, with the spire of Zion Chapel on the extreme right, are readily found. On the left is a fine glimpse of the old loop of the Don with its tree-bordered banks reflected in the water. Diagram V, page 114, embracing about 160 acres, will greatly assist one to localise roads, works, waterways, buildings and some former features, mentioned in this part of our story. This out of copyright material has been transcribed by Eric Youle, who has provided the transcription on condition that any further copying and distribution of the transcription is allowed only for noncommercial purposes, and includes this statement in its entirety. Any references to, or quotations from, this material should give credit to the original author(s) or editors.
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